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PROGRESS

PROGRESS (lotini progressus — harakat ba pesh, muvaffaqiyat), muqo­bili regress. Tamoyuli inkishof, ki khosiyati az oddi ba murakkab, az komil ba akmal guzashtanro dorad. Hanuz az davrahoi qadim dar borai tagyiroti muttasili samtnok tasavvurot paydo shuda bud. Ammo chunin tasavvurot beshtar khususiyati bahodihi doshta nisbat ba tarikhi jamiyat tatbiq meshud. Qismi ziyodi muallifoni atiqa tarikhro vuqui hodisahoe medonistand, ki dar nihodi onho tagyire dida nameshavad. Az in ru, tarikh goho chun prosessi regressivi (Gesiod, Seneka) va goho chun hodisahoi takrorshavanda (Aflotun, Arastu, Polibiy) tasvir megardad. Goyai Progressi tarikhi dar asosi inkori eskhatologiyai masehi ba vujud omadaast.

progress

Falsafai ijtimoii burjuazi dar zaminai ruhiyai optimisti «tantanai khirad»-ro ba oyanda nisbat medod. Nazariyai maorifparvarii Progress ba nest namudani munosibathoi feodali asos guzosht va dar hamin zamina sistemahoi mukhtalifi sotsializmi khayoli ba vujud omadand. Ammo nazariyai ratsnonalistii Progress ba prinsipi tarikhiyat begona bud. On peshravii inkishofi tarikhiro dar bar girifta, khususiyati tazodi va gunogunshakli, zarurati davrahoi guzashtaro inkor mekard. Ratsionaliston Progressi jamiyatro ba Progressi tafakkuri inson vobasta medonistand. Avvalin bor J. Viko va makhsusan J. J. Russo khususiyati tazodii inkishofi tarikhiro ba miyon guzoshtaand. G. Gegel mafhumi Progressro nisbat ba peshguzashtagonash durusttar manidod namud. Muvofiqi aqidai u tarikh tagyiroti oddi nabuda, on Progressi darki ozodist, dar on guzashta zaminai noguzir baroi ba vujud omadani hozira meboshad. Vale G.

Gogol Progressi tarikhiro inkishofi ideyai mutlaq medonist va az in sabab u qonuniyati az yak formatsiyai jamiyati ba digar formatmiya guzashtanro durust sharh doda natavonist.

Gogol tasisi monarkhiyai prussiro nuqtai okhirigi Prosessi jamiyat medonad.

Marksizm-leninizm dar zaminai fahmishi materialistii tarikh ba masalai Progress munosibati materialistiyu dialektiki namuda, meyori obektivii onro muayyan namudaast. Meyori obektivii Progressi jamiyatro asosi moddii jamiyat tashkil medehad. Munosibathoi istehsoli boshand, munfasilii prosesse tarikhi va shaklhoi alohidai konkretii onro ifoda mekunand. Inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunanda bar khilofi munosibthoi istehsoli kamu besh khususiyati mutassili dorand. Binobar in V. I. Lenin manfiati inkishofi quvvahot istehsolkunandaro «… meyori olii progressi jamiyati» medonad (As. j. 13, sah. 249). Takomuli omilho va tashkili mehnat hosilnokii onro ba­land bardoshta, boisi inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunanda, quvvai kori, malakahoi navi istehsoliyu ilmi va digarshavii taqsimoti mavjudai jamiyatii mehnat megardad. Barobari Progressi tekhnika ilm ham inkishof meyobad. Nihoyat, afzoishi hosilnokii mehnat boisi ziyodshavii miqdori mahsuloti izofa meshavad. Dar hamin zamina vasilahoi zarurii istemolii inson, sharonti zindagoni va hayoti maishii u tagyir meyobad. Darajai balandi taraqqiyoti quvvahoi istehsolkunanda, shakli murakkabtari munosibathoi istehsoli va tashkilothoi jamiyatiro ba miyon meorad. Darajai darki quvvahoi stikhiyavii tabiat, ki on dar inkishofi hosilnokii mehnat va darajai ozodii jamiyat az zeri yugi quvvahoi stikhiya­vii on, nobarobarii ijtimoiyu siyosi va qafomonti manavii odamoi zohir megardad, meyori umumii Progressi tarikhi ba shumor meravand. Ba in mani meyori formatsiyahoi jamiyati ibtidoi, gulomdori, feodali, kapitalisti va kommunisti davrahoi qonunii inkishofi pay dar payi insoniyat meboshad. Ammo shakl va surati inkishofi onho purikhtilof buda, az yakdigar farq mekunand. Baroi jamiyati jamoati ibtidoi va gulomdori surati susti inkishof khos ast. Dar zamoni kapitalizm dar barobari surati balandi inkishofi istehsolot, quvvahoi istehsolkunanda va munosibathoi istehsoli antagonizmi sinfi avj megirad. Molikiyati khususi boisi nobaroba­rii darajai inkishofi sarvathoi moddi va manavii jamiyat, az hisobi istismori berahmonai khalhhoi mustamlika boy shudani mamlakathoi kapitalisti, purzur shudani begonashavii mehnat va gayra megardad. Holo dar miqyosi jahoni az kapi­talizm ba sotsializm guzashtan shohrohi Progressi jamiyati meboshad. Kommunizm darajai balandi inkishofi jamiyat, (farovonii nemathoi moddiyu manaviro tamin namuda, dar in asos tafovuti bayni shahru dehot, mehnati fikriyu jismoni va antago­nizmi sinfiro barham medihad. Faqat kommunizm Progress haqiqii tarikhiro tamin karda metavonad. Mafhumi Progress ba ilmhoi tabiatshinosi ham khos ast. Progress dar in jo ham misli hayoti jamiyati ahamiyati nisbi dorad. Mafhumi Progress ba Koinoti tom tatbiq nameshavad, zero dar on jarayoni muayyanu yakjonibai inkishof dida nameshavad. Bisyor prosesshoi olami gayriorganiki niz ba in qo­nuniyat tobe nestand.

Ad.: Davitashvili L. Sh., Ocher­ki po istorii ucheniya ob evolyusionnom progresse. M., 1956; Problemi razvitaya v prirode i obshestve. Ob. st.. M.—L., 1958; Semenov Yu. N., Obshestvenniy progress i sosialnaya filosofiya so­vremennoy burjuazii, M., 1965; Dju­nu s o v M., Obshestvenniy progress i nasionalnie otnosheniya, Alma-Ata, 1976.

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SAFORAT

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