PROGRAMMAI AGRARII KPSS

PROGRAMMAI AGRARII KPSS, qismi tarkibii programmam umumii Partiyai kommunisti, ki vazifahoi asosii partiyaro az rui masalai agrari muayyan mekunad. Dar davrai tayyor kardann revolyutsiyai burjuazi-demokrati dar Rossiya (1903—1917) Programma ba nest kardani hama guna boqimondahoi feodali-krepostnoi dar munosibathoi agrarii Rossiya nigaronda shuda bud va talab mekard, ki tamomi zamin ba istifodai dehqonon doda shavad, to ki baroi muboriza bahri ba revolyutsiyai sotsialisti sabzida rasidani revolyutsiyai burjuazi-demokrati sharoiti musoidtare faroham oyad. Prinsiphoi asosii Programmaro V. I. Lenin dar asarash «Dustoni khalq» chist va onho ba muqobili sotsial-demokratho chi tavr mejangand?» va maqolahoi sershumori badinaash bayon karda bud. V. I. Lenin chunin meshumorid, ki partiyai korgari dar Rossiya boyad ba purra kashida giriftani zamini pome­shiki va milli kunondani tamomi zamin bikushad.

Programmai dar Sezdi 2-yumi RSDRP qabulshudai partiya dar masalai agrari talab mekard, ki andozi zamin, hama guna uhdadorihoi dehqonon, inchunin hamai qonunhoe, ki huquqi dehqonro dar bobati zamin mahdud mekardand, bekor karda shavand; on mablaghoe, ki az dehqonon dar shakli andozhoi zamin sitonda shuda budand, ba onho pas gardonda shavand; on zaminhoe, ki vaqti bekor karda shudani huquqi krepostnoi az dehqonon kashida girifta shuda budand, ba onho bargardonda shavad; baroi in komitethoi dehqoni tasis karda sha­vand.

Dar Sezdi 2-yumi RSDRP V. I. Lenin ba dehqonon bargardondani otrezkahoro tavsiya kard. Ammo, vaqte ki revolyutsiya cap shud va oshubhoi dehqonon avj giriftand, malum shud, ki programmai bargardondani otrezkaho aknun dehqononro qone kunonida nametavonad, dehqonon aknun sohibi hamai za­mini pomeshikon shudan mekhohand. Az in ru Sezdi 3-yumi RSDRP (apreli 1905) dar rezolyutsiyaash «Dar borai munosibat ba harakati dehqoni» takid namud, ki sotsial-de­mokratiya, hamchun partiyai prole­tariat «…haminro vazifai khud qaror medihad, ki ba hamai tadbirhoi revolyutsionii dehqonon, ki ahvoli onhoro behtar kunonda tavonand, hatto ba tadbiri musodira kardani zaminhoi pomeshikho, davlat, kalisoho, monastirho va  za­minhoi udeli bo kamoli gayrat tarafdori kunad…» (KPSS dar re­zolyutsiyaho va qarorhoi sezdho, konferensiyaho va plenumhoi KM, jildi I, sah. 122—123).

Dar Sezdi 4-umi RSDRP yak qismi bolshevikon bo sardorii V. I. Lenin programmai millikunonii zamin va qismi digari bolshevikon programmai hamchun molikiyati khususi ba dehqonon taqsim karda dodani zamini pomeshikonro peshnihod kardand. Menshevikon, ki dar sezd aksariyatro tashkil mekardand, programmai munitsipalikunoipro peshnihod namudand. Muvofiqi on pomeshikov meboist zamini khudro ba organhoi khudidorakunii mahalli furushand va dehqonon onro az in organho ba ijora girand.

V. I. Lenin dar asarhoyash “Maruza dar borai Sezdi muttahidkunandai RSDRP” (soli 1906), «Program­mai agrarii sotsial-demokratiya dar Revolyutsiyai yakumi rusi solhoi 1905—1907” va gayra az jihati nazari va iqtisodi beasos va az jihati siyosi zararnok budani programmai meshevikii munisipalikunonii zamin va khato budani programmai ba dehqonon taqsim karda dodani zaminro nishon doda, mumkinu lozim budani ijroi programmai millikunonii zaminro az jihati nazariyavi asosnok kard.

Programma ahamiyati kaloni tarikhi dosht. Partiya onro targib karda, saviyai siyosii ommai dehqononro baland mebardosht. Dehqonon bovari hosil kardand, ki programmai partiyai bolshevikon na tanho manfiati korgaroni sanoat, balki manfiati millionho dehqononi maydaro niz, ki az tarafi pomeshikonu kapitaliston istismor meshudand, ifoda mekunad. Dar ayni zamon tajribai chor dumai  podshohi dehqononro ba kulli bovar kunond, ki bur­juaziya ba onho zamin namedihad va dar muboriza baroi zamin va ozodi yagona quvvai etimodbakhsh ittifoqi onho bo proletariat meboshad.

Muborizai yakjoyai sinfi korgar va dehqononi mehnatkash galabai revoltsiyai burjuazi-demokratiro tamin kard, mutlaqiyati podshohi dar Ros­siya sarnagun karda shud. Ammo Hukumati muvaqqatii burjuazi ba sari hokimiyat omada, dar mamlakat digargunihoi demokrati naguzaronid. Vay inchunin zaminro milli nakunond.

Dar Tezishoi aprelii V. I. Le­nin, qarorhoi Konferentsiyai 7-umi (aprelii) umumirossiyagii bolshevikov (soli 1917) va Sezdi 6-umi partiya (iyul — avgust 1917) Programma minbad inkishof yoft. Dar onho talabi musodira namudani zamini po­meshikon va milli kunonidani hamai zamin dar mamlakat ba maddi avval guzoshta shud. Partiya qaror kard, ki favran va yakbora dar ta­momi mamlakat tashkilothoi mustaqili batrakho va kambagaloni qishloq barpo karda shavad, tashabbusi komitethoi dehqononro dar khususi korkardi yakjoyai zamin, ba istifodai jamiyati girifta dodani asbobu anjomi pomeshikon dastgiori namoyad, dar asosi khojagihoyash durust barohmondashudai pomeshi­kon dar zeri rohbarii Sovethoi de­putathoi korgaroni khojagii qishloq khojagihoi namunavii jamiyati barpo kunad. Ijroi in vazifaho baroi guzashtan ba mehnati kollek­tivi dar ziroat asosi moddi ba vujud meovard.

Galabai Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr halli masalai agrariro tamin namud. Muvofiqi Dekreti zamin, ki dar ruzi yakumi Hokimiyati So­veti qabul karda shud, tamomi za­min dar mamlakat milli kunonda shuda, ba istifodai dehqonon doda shud. Dehqonon 150 million desyatina zamini pomeshikonro bemuzd ba istifoda giriftapd. Gayr az in soli 1918 komitethoi kambagalon 50 million desyatina zaminro az kulakho kashida girifta, ba dehqononi kambagal dodand. Revolyutsiyai proletari dehqononro az ijorapuli ba pome­shikon, ki sole 700 million sumi tilloro tashkil mekard va az tashvishi jam namudani pul baroi kharidani zamin ozod namud.

Ammo Dekreti zamin dar tamomi mamlakat yakbora ijro nashud. Dar nohiyahoi aqibmondai millii mam­lakat, ba monandi Turkiston solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Soveti, zamin dar dasti boyu feodalho boqi mond. Dar yak qator joyhoi Osiyoi Miyona, khususan dar nohiyahoi markazi va janubi Tojikiston, baze viloyathoi Turkmaniston, ki dar on jo islohoti obu zamin guzaronda nashuda bud, munosibathoi feodaliyu patriarkhalii agrari tanho dar solhoi 30 dar rafti kollektivonii sarosari khojagii- qishloq purra barham khurdand.

Dar programmai partiyai bolshe­vikon, ki Sezdi 8-umi RKP (b) marti 1919 qabul kard, qayd kar­da meshud, ki Hokimiyati Soveti tadbirhoi tashkil namudani ziroati mutaraqqii sotsialistiro pesh giriftaast, az jumla: 1) barpo kar­dani khojagihoi soveti, yane khojagihoi kaloni sotsialisti; 2) madad rasondan ba jamiyathoi khojagii qishloq va inchunin ba shirkathoi kishtukori zamin; 3) bo rohi davlati tashkil kardani kishtukori hamai zaminhoi kishtnoshuda (az oni dar kase ki boshad); 4) bo rohi davlati safarbar kardani hamai quvvahoi agro­nomi baroi baland bardoshtani da­rajai madaniyati khojagii qishloq; 5) madad rasondan ba kommunahoi khojagii qishloq (ittifoqhoi komilan ikhtiyorii dehqo­non baroi pesh burdani khojagii ka­loni jamiyati).

Bad az galabai Hokimiyati So­veti vazifai, az hama murakkabu dushvor — dar asosi sotsialisti az nav sokhtani khojagii qishloq bud. V. I. Lenin dar plani kooperativii genialonai khud rohi halli in vazifaro nishon dod.

Partiyai kommunisti plani kooperativii V. I. Leninro ba amal tadbiq namud. Khojagihoi yakkadasti dehqonon ba khojagihoi kaloni so­tsialisti muttahid gardidand, sin­fi okhirini istismorgar — kulakho nest karda shud, dar dehot kolkhozu sovkhozho shakli asosii khojagii so­tsialisti shudand. Khojagii qishloq mamlakatamon dar rohi ba kor burdani muvaffaqiyathoi ilmu tekhnika qadami kalone ba pesh guzosht. Ittifoqi sinfi korgar va dehqonon ba dustii bayni onho va asosi mustadkami sokhti soveti tabdil yoft. Khojagii qishloqi sotsialistii mamlakati mo dar solhoi sokhtmoni osoishta va davrai Jangi Buzurgi Vatani afzaliyati khudro chi bar khojagihoi maydamolii dehqonon va chi bar khojagii kaloni kapitalisti namoish dod.

Tahriri navi Programmai KPSS, ki Sezdi 27-umi partiya (1986) ka­bul kard, rohhoi asosii taraqqii khojagii qishloqi soveti va inkishofi munosibathoi jamiyatiro dar qishloq dar davrai sokhtmoni kom­munizm muayyan namud.

Dar on qayd shudaast, ki barobari sanoati puriqtidor ba vujud ovardani khojagii qishloqi mutaraqqi sharti hatmii barpo namuda­ni kommunizm moboshad. Partiya taraqqiyoti bosurati quvvahoi istehsolkunandaro tamin menamoyad va in imkoniyat medihad du vazifai asosii ba ham aloqamand hal shavand:

a) ba dast ovardani ozuqai farovoni khushsifat baroi aholi va ashyoi khom baroi sanoat; b) tadrijan ba munosibathoi jamiyatii kommunisti guzashtani dehoti soveti, asosan barham dodani farqi bayni shahru dehot.

Rohi asosii taraqqii khojagii qishloq va bo mahsuloti on qone gardonidani talaboti ruzafzuni mamlakat — mekhanikonii hamatarafa va intensivonii sobitqadamona, dar hamai kolkhozu sovkhozho dar asosi ilm va tajribai peshqadam muvaffaq shudan ba madaniyati balandi ziroat va chorvodori, baland bardoshtani hosil va ziyod kardani mahsuloti har yak gektar bo sarfi har chi kamtari mehnat va mablag meboshad. Dar hamin asos muvaffaq shudan zarur ast, ki maqsuloti khojagii qishloq muvofiqi talaboti jamiyat pay dar pay afzoyad. Khojagii qishloq az jihati musallahi bo tekhnika va tashkili istehsolot ba darajai sanoat nazdik meshavad; mehnati dehqonon ba yak nav mehnati korgaroni sanoat tabdil meyobad; vobastagii khojagii qishloq az ofathoi tabii khele kam shuda ba minimum merasad.

Partiya dar Plenumi martii (1965) KM KPSS, dar sezdhoi 23—27 KPSS sharoitu imkoniyathoi navro ba nazar girifta, tadbirhoi tasirbakhshi taraqqiyoti khojagii qishloqi mamlakatro kor karda baromada, onhoro dar hayot tatbiq karda istodaast. Onho dar marhalai hozira aso­si Programmaro tashkil medihand. Dar aso­si qarorhoi Sezdi 26-umi KPSS Programmai ozuqai SSSR to 1990 tartib doda shud. Plenumi mayii (1982) KM KPSS yak qator qarorhoi KM KPSS va Soveti Vaziroin SSSR- ro oid ba masalahoi konkretii Programmai ozuqa maqul donista tasdiq kard. Dar onho natijahoi taraqqiyoti bosurati kompleksi ag­rariyu sanoatii mamlakat chuqur va hamatarafa tahlil shuda, rohho va usuldhi taraqqiyoti minbadai on muayyan shudand, to ki vazifai pay dar pay bo ozuqa tamin namudani aholi dar muddati kutohtarin hal gardad. Dar in hujjatho Prigramma dar marhalai hozira boz ham inkishof doda shud.

Partiya programmai agrariro kor karda, haminro ba inobat megirad, ki dar rafti sokhtmoni kommunisti roli khojagii qishloq toraft baland meshavad. Zero payvasta taraqqi kardani is- tshsoloti khojagii qishloq sharti hatmii taraqqiyoti planii tamomi iqtisodiyoti mamlakat meboshad. Taraqqiyoti bomuvaffaqiyati ziroat va chorvodori yake az sharthoi muhimtarini baland bardoshtapi nekuahvolii khalq ast. Mahsuloti khojagii qishloq va molhoi sanoatie; ki az ashyoi khojagii qishloq istehsol meshavand, qarib az chor se qismi fondi istemolii khalqro tashkil modihand. Gayr az in, khojagii qishloq sarchashmai muhimi sarvatgunkunii sotsialisti buda, baroi halli vahifahoi umumikhalqi zarur ast.

Baroi taraqqiyoti khojagii qishloq mustahkam namudani bazai iqtisodi, inchunii kori hamatarafa va ba maqsad muvofiqi tashkiloti va siyosii organhoi partiyavi, soveti, khojagi va tashkilothoi jamiyati, mutakhassisoni khojagii qishloq va hamai mehnatkashoni sohahoi gunoguni khojagii khalq, ki bo khojagii qishloq aloqamandand, zarur ast. Dar zaminai muborizai yakjoya baroi taraqqiyoti khojagii qishloq ittifoqi sinfi korgar va dehqononi kolkhozi, olimon va mutakhassison, dustii khalqhoi mamlakatamon boz ham mustahkam meshavad, ki in iqtidori davlati moro boz ham poydor megardonad.

Programma va dar amal tatbiq namudani tajribai farovone, ki partiya dar in bobat hosil namudaast, ahamiyati umumijahoniyu tarikhi dorad, chunki navsozii sotsialistii qishloq va ravnaq dodani quvvahoi istehsolkunandai on baroi har yak mamlakati dunyo sharti muhimtarini ba sotsializm guzashtan ast.

H. Ahmadov.