PRIMATHO

PRIMATHO (Primates), yak qatori Primatho shirkhurhost. Aksari olimon Primathoro ba du zerqator—nimmaymunho (tupay, lemur, lor, poshnadaroz, indra va gayra) va maymunho judo mekunand. Andozaashon az 13—15 sm (masalan, lemurhoi mushmonand) to 175 sm va 18- bazan az on ham ziyodtar (masalan, atp gorilla); vaznashon az 60—100 g to 180 kg.

Aksariyati Primatho dumdorand; tanho lori nozuk, magota va maymunhoi odamshakl (orangutan, shimpanze, gorilla va gibbon) bedumand. Badanashon bo muy pushida shudaast. Tagi muyi nimmaymunho  tibit dorad. Muy va joyhoi bemuyi pusti aksari Primatho rangin ast. Angushtoni dastu poyi maymunho ba misli dastu poyi odam 5-to buda khele nagz inkishof yoftaand. Angushthoi kaloni aksari Primatho harakatnok buda, kor ba angushtoni digar, muqobil meistad. Dastu poyi Primatho az tanashon daroz ast; tanho dastu poyi tupay, lor  va igrunka andake kutohtar meboshad. Uzvhoi bosira va shunavoi nagz bo taraqqi kardaand, ammo uzvi shomma takhfif shudaast. Dar nimmamunho miqdori juyaku kajihoi magzi cap nazar ba maymunho va odam; nisbatan kam meboshad; maynacha bo nimkurahoi kaloni magzi cap purra pushida nashudaast. Tarafi ruyi  kosakhonai sari aksari Primatho darozruya ast. Sistemai dandonashon geterodonti va difiodonti meboshad (yane dandomhoi shiri va  doimi dorand). Alhol Primatho qarib 200 namudand. Onho asosan dar beshazori tropiki va subtropikii Afrika (az jumla Madagaskar), Osiyo, dar bisyor jazirahoi galajazirai Malay, Amerikai Markazi va Janubi maskunand. Aksari Primatho dar boloi guruh- guruh zindagi mekunand. Gizoyashon asosan meva yo rastani meboshad; bazei onho gushti hayvonotro niz mekhurand. Primatho tamomi sol afzoish mekunand; onho 1 (Primati darajai past 2—3) bacha mezoyand. Takhmin mekunand, ki ajdodi Primatho shirkhurhoi soddai hasharotkhuri ba tupayhoi hozir namoyandai qadimtarini in guruh zalyambdalestes meboshad; qismi kosakhonai cap va panjai dastu poyi on az tahnishasthoi oxiri davrai taboshir dar Muguliston daryoft shudaast.

Primathoi qadar ahamiyati kalon nadornpd. Khalqhoi mahalli gushti onhoro khurda az pustashon libos me­duzant. Primathoro baroi boghoi hayvonot va muassisahoi ilmi (baroi guzaronidann tajribahoi tibbiyu biologi) medorand. Aksari Primatho az sababi khele kam shudani shumoraashon muhtoji muhofizatand. Yak qator Primatho ba Kitobi surkhi Ittifoqi baynalkhalqii muhofizati tabiat dokhil shudaand.

Ad.: Nesturkh M. F., Primatolo­giya i antropogenez. (Obezyani, polu­obezyani i proiskhojdenie cheloveka. M., 960; Jizn jivotnikh, t. 6, M., 1971.