PRAGMATIKA

PRAGMATIKA (az yunoni pragma, pragmatos — amaliyot, faoliyat), yak sohai semiotikaro guyand, ki on darajai ifodai sistemai alomathoro dar tafakkuri subekt muvofiqi qobiliyati muharrikai u muayyan mekunad. Goyai nakhustin Pragmatikaro Ch. Pirs bayon namuda, minbad Ch. Mor­ris (istilohi «Pragmatika» ba u mansub ast) va digar olimon onro inkishof dodand. Bar khilofi sintaktika, ki munosibati sirf tarkibii bayni ifodahoi sistemai alomatho va tabiru tavili onho va semantika, ki tabiru tavili khudi ifodahoro meomuzand, Pragmatika khosiyati munosibati darki sistemai alomathoro tavassuti subekt oshkor mesozad. Dar on khususiyati uslubii za­bon baroi durust fashmidani bayon, meyori durusti ikhtisori matn, du­rust muayyan namudani sobiliyati fardii sharhdihanda va gayra maqomi makhsus dorand. Pragmatika hamai khususiyat va imkoniyathoi tafakkuri insoniro ba nazar girifta, muayyan namudani sharoiti istifodai khususiyatu imkoniyathoi mazkurro tamin menamoyad. Usuli Pragmatika dar matematika va mantiqi matematiki (masalan, dar asarhoi matematikhoi gollandi G. Mannuri, D. van Dansiga va hamchunin dar ultraintuitsionizm) vase is­tifoda meshavand. Dar ayni hol Pragmatika az malumothoi psikhologiya (alalkhusus, psikhologiyai injeneri), eto­logiya (ilm dar borai raftori hayvonot), psikhologiyai ijtimoi, zabonshinosi va digar ilmho vase istifoda menamoyad va ba onho tasiri mutaqobila dorad.

Ad.: Logika i metodologiya nauki, M., 1967; Nilson N., Iskusstvenniy intellekt, per. s angl., M., 1973.