PORU

PORU, nurii organikiest, ki odatan az akhloti hayvonot va omekhtahoi digar tarkib yoftaast. Poruro hamchun nuri az zamonhoi qadim in jonib istifoda mobarapnd. Poru dar khojagihoi dehqononi torevolyutsioni nurii asosi bud. Dar SSSR bo vujudi afzudani istehsoli nurihoi organiki asosan Poru meandozapnd. Poruro makhsusan dar khojagihoe, ki parvardakhona va garmkhona dorand, ba miqdori ziyoyod baroi tayyor kardani kompost istifoda mebarand.

Dar tarkibi Poru nitrogen va hamai  elementhoi gizoii baroi rastani zarur hastand. Moddahoi organiki Poru (qismi asosii moddahoi khushki in nuru) tarkibi khok, rejimhoi ob va havo, khosiyati fizikiyu khimiyavi va khimiyavii khokro behtar mekunad. Sa va Mg-e, ki dar tarkibi Poru hastand, darajai turshii khok­ro past mekunand, mikroorgapizmhoi sudmand boshand, faoliyati bi­ologii onro vusat medihand. Poru yake az manbahoi SO₂ meboshad, ki sintezi moddahoi organnkii rastaniro metezonad. Tasiri Poru ba hosil yakchand sol davom mekunad.

Poruro ba chalma va shibar (nimobaki va obaki) judo mekunand. Tarkibi taqribii khimiyavii Porui chal­ma (az hayvonoti gunogun ba hisobi foiz (%) chunin ast: 0,5 N, 0,25 R₂O₅, 0,6 K₂O, 0,35 SaO, 0,15 MgO (hangomi ba sifati khushki istifoda burdani torf miqdori N dar Poru ziyod, vale R₂O₅ va K₂O kamtar meshavad).

Dar mavsimi dar ogil parvarish dodan az har yak hayvon in qadar Poru megirand (ba hisobi t): asp 3—7, gov 4—9, gusfavd va buz 0,4—0,9, khuk 0,8—2. Samarabakhshii Porui chal­ma az darajai pusish, usulhoi tayyorkuni va nigohdorii on vobasta ast. Dar Porui nagz sakhtshudai porukhona (usuli anaerob i i nigohdori) nisbat ba Porui kovok (u s uli aerobi) nitrogen kamtar nobud meshavad. Baroi tez tayyor kardani Poru az usuli omekhta (yakjoshavii du usuli avval) istifoda mebarand. Bo in usul Porui nimpusidaro badi 1,5—2 moh, pusidaro badi 4—5 moh, bo usuli anaerobi muvofiqan badi 3—4 va 7—8 moh megirand. Ba zamin pesh az kishti gandumu javdor 15—25 t/ga, juvorimakkayu kartoshka 20—40 t/ga, sabzavot (bodiring, karam) 35—50 t/ga, bekhmeva 20—40 t/ga va hangomi kishtigardon bo ziroati tekhniki pesh az kishti lablabu, kanab, tamoku 35—50 t/ga Porui chalma meandozand. Har yak tonnai Poru hosili tamomi ziroati kishtgardonro (ba hisobi galladona) 1-2 s/ga ziyod mekunad.

Porui shibarii nimobaki 86—90% ob va taqriban barobari Porui nav giriftashuda moddahoi gizoii baroi rastani zarur dorad.

Ba kishtzor onro dar sisternaho mebarand; bo torf, koh, khok kompostonida meshavad. Porui sh i b a r i o b a k i r o az khojagiho va komplekshoi kaloni burdoqiparvari megirand. Hamin Porui obaki 95—96%, moddahoi gizonash nisbat ba Porui nimobaki 2—3 marotiba kam ast. Onro dar zarfho nigoh medorand.

Badi tahshini ba omekhta (frak­siya)-i moe ob hamroh mekunand va mahlulro ba kishtzori rastanihoi khuroki chorvo merezand, omekhtai sakhtro ba zamin andokhta, shudgor mekunand. Porui obakiro ba fraksiyaho chudo nakarda chun nuri istifo­da mebarand.

Ad.:       Spravochnik po udobreniyam,

M.,        1*964:  Primenenie organicheskikh udobreniy, M., 1071.