Ovozhoi nutq

Ovozhoi nutq, ovozhoe, ki bo maqsadi mubodilai afkor tavassuti dastgohi guftor (uzvhoi nutq) sokhta va talaffuz meshavand. Ovozhoi nutq dar asosi «farmone», ki az nimkurai chapi maynai cap merasad ba vujud meoyand. Tahdidu tahlili Ovozhoi nutq dar se zamina — tavlidi, fiziki va ijtimoi (lingvisti) surat megirad.

Dar zaminai tavlidi mekhanizmi dastgohi guftor va sahmi uzvhoi nutq mavridi tahqiq qaror megirand. Ovozhoi nutq az lahnho (tonho) va shavshuvho iboratand. Lahnho dar natijai lappishhoi (larzishhoi) sadopardaho ba amal meoyand. Shav­shuvho boshand, dar asari lappishhoi nomudavvar dar jarayoni havoe, ki az shush berun omada, dar natijai ba ham nazdik shudan yo rasidani uzvhoi nutq dar surokhi dahonu bini ba moneae duchor meoyand, paydo meshavand.

Lahnho sadonokhoro va hamsadohoi lahniro (m, n, l, r, y) va shavshuvho hamsadohoi bejarangro ba vujud meorand. Hamsadohoi jarangdor az omezishi lahnho va shavshuvho hosil meshavand. Sadonokho az rui harakathoi amudi (yo darajai bardosht: bolo — i, u, miyona — z, u, o va poyon — a va ufuqii zabon (yo qator): pesh — i, e, markazi — u, a, qafo — u, o va ishtiroki labho (labi — u, u, o va gayrilaby — i, e, a) farq mekunand. Hamsadoho niz az rui chor alomat: a) kori sadopardaho (jarangdor — b, v, e, d, j, j, g, g va bejarang — p, f, s, t, sh, ch, k, kh, q, , d), b) rezonatorho (dimogi — m, n va gayridimogy — hamai hamsadoho gayr az m va n), v) tarai tashakkul (zich: a) sodda — b_r p, d, t, g, k, q, ; b) murakkab — d, ch; rog: a) yakmakhraja — v, f, z, s, g, kh, h, b) dumakhraja — j, sh, g), kori uzvi faol yo makhraji ovozsozi (1) la­bi: <a) labulabi — b, p, m; b) labu- dandoni — v, f; 2) zaboni: a) peshizaboni — d, t, z, s, j, sh, j, ch, l, r, n; b) baynizaboni — y; v) pasizaboni —g, k; g) zabonchagi — g, kh, q; 3) khalqi: a) ruyak — va chuqur —d) fard mekunand.

Dar zaminai fizikiyu akustiki tabiati fizikii Ovozhoi nutq va alomathoi fizikii onho: darozi, darajai pahnnokiyu quvvatnoki, sokhti formantiyu spektri onho mavridi tahlilu tahqiq qaror megirad. In alomathoi fizikii Ovozhoi nutq dar sharoit va holathoi gunoguni fonetiki tahqiqu muqoisa va darajai molik budani ovozho ba in khususiyatho nisbat ba ovozhoi digar tamin karda meshavad. Tasnifi – akustikii ovozho niz dar asosi hamin alomatho surat megirad.

Dar jihati ijtimoi yo lingvistii Ovozhoi nutq vazifa va sahmi onho dar ja­rayoni mubodilai afkor omukhta me­shavad. Az in ru, in jihati Ovozhoi nutqro jihati funksionali yo fonologi niz menomand. In se jihati Ovozhoi nutq mavzui badei yak qismi ilmi zabonshinosi — fonetika {fonologiya)-ro tashkil medihand.

Dar fonetikai imruza jihati funksionali jihati asosii Ovozhoi nutq hisob meshavad, zero taqtei jarayoni nutq ba ovozhoi alohida va aloqamandona bo on halli hamai masalahoi lingvistii Ovozhoi nutq mahz az didi funksionali imkonpazir ast. Jarayoni nutq tabiatan zanjiri muttasili ovozist va az didi tavlid va khususiyathoi fiziki taqtei on ba ovozhoi alohida imkonnopazir ast. Taqtei on tanho ba vositai fonema, ki dar Ovozhoi nutq zohir meshavad va namoyandai Ovozhoi nutq meboshad, amali megardad.

Adabiyot: Rastorgue v a V. S., Ocherk fonetiki tadjikskogo yazika. Stalinabad, 1955; Zi n d e r L. R., Obshaya fone­tika. Leningrad, 1960.