Oshkhona

Oshkhona, qarorgoqi odamoni asri sang, ki dar balandii 4200 metr az sathi bahr dar nishebihoi janubi qatorkuhhoi Pasi Oloy, dar sohili shokhobi chapi daryoi Uysu — dar Oshkhonajilga va 15 kilometr durtar az piryakhi Uysu, 30 kilometr durtar az qullai Lenin voqe ast. Solhoi 1958—60 bostonshinosi soveti V. A. Ranov kashf namud va omukht, 1974—75 V. A. Jukov tadqiqoti onro davom dod. Az rui mavqei geografi Oshkhona balandtarin qarorgohi odamoni asri sang ba shumor meravad. Qarorgoh dar domanai sangtudahoi balandi davrai okhirini yakhbandi joygir ast.

Qabathoi maskun dar sufachai yakumi sohili daryo, dar qabati 1,5 metr gili regdor boqi mondaast. Hamagi se qabati maskun kushoda va az onho ziyoda az 4 hazor ashyo yoft shudaast. Pomirihoi qadim asosan az regsangi kvarsitshakl, inchunin az chaqmoqsang, kvarsit va buluri kuhi olot tayyor mekardaand. Tarzi tayyor kardan va oloti Oshkhona az olotu usuli tayyor kardani on dar mintaqahoi pastkuh va vodihoi Osiyoi Miyona farq mekunad. Dar Oshkhona tarzi qadimtarini paleolitii tayyor kardani olot (taroshkordhoi dagali tegash rostu barjasta, belchakordho va gayra) ba nazar merasad, ki ba davrai madaniyati mezoliti va hatto ba madaniyati neoliti (nukleushoi may­da, paykonhoi sangin va gayra) khos ast. Dar natijai omukhtani bozyofthoi Oshkhona muayyan gardid, ki onho ba hazorahoi 8—5 to milod mansuband.

Dar qabathoi maskun otashdonho boqi mondaand, ki dar atrofi onho bozyofthoi arkheologi jam shudaand. Ba gayr az oloti sangin, ki qismi asosii bozyofthoro tashkil medihad, inchunin oloti ustukhoni va yakchand marjonhoi ustukhoni yoft shudaand. Ustukhoni hayvonhoi hozira: ohu, sugur, zargush, inchunin ustukhoni murgon duchor meshavand. Materialhoi Oshkhona, ki ba madaniyati Markansui Po­miri Sharqi mansuband, baroi omuzishi tarikhi maskunshavii odamoni ibtidoi dar kuhhoi Osiyoi Miyo­na va digar rayonhoi mintaqai kas- noguzari balandtarini qatorkuhhoi Osiyo ahamiyati kalon dorand.