Optikai geometri

Optikai geometri, yak fasli optika buda qonunhoi pahnoishi rushnoiro dar asosi tasavvurot oid ba shuohoi rushnoi meomuzad. Khatero shuoi rushnoi guyand, ki qad-qadi on seli rushnoi pahn meshavad. Mafhumi shuo faqat to dami dar qitahoi az jihati optiki gayriyakjinsai muhit ba nazar nagiriftani difraksiyai rushnoi ba haqiqat muvofiq ast, yane in mafhum faqat dar surate mavridi istifoda buda metavonad, ki darozii mavji rushnoi nazar ba andozai gayriyakjinsagihoi muhit baso khurd boshad.

Qonunhoi Optikai geometri ba bunyod kardani nazariyai sodda (vale aksaran ba qadri kofi durust)-i siste- mahoi optiki imkoniyat medihand. Optikai geometri asosan paydo shudani tasvirhoi optikiro sharh doda, hisobu kitobi aberrasiyahoi sistemahoi opti­ki va korkardi usulhoi islohi onho, inchunin yoftani tanosubhoi energetikii dastahoi shuoi az sistemai optiki guzarandaro imkonpazir mesozad.

Qonunhoi rostkhatta pahnshavii rushnoi va inikosi rushnoiro Evk­lid bayon karda bud. Dar asri 17 Optikai geometri vobasta ba ikhtiroi yak silsila as- bobhoi optiki (gulbai binish, purbin, teleskop, mikroskop va gayra) va istifodai onho dar amaliya taraqqi kard. Dar inkishofi puravji Optikai geometri roli I. Kepler, R. Dekart va V. Snell buzurg ast.

Bo muqarrar gardidani prinsipi Ferma dar asri 17 asosi nazariyavii Optikai geometri guzoshta shud. Baroi muhiti yakjinsa prinsipi Ferma yagona qonuni rostkhatta pahnshavii rushnoist. Qonunhoi shikast va inikosi rushnoi, ki tarikhan pesh kashf shudaand, niz natijahoi hamin prinsip meboshand. Az asri 18 Optikai geometri, usulhoi hisobu kitobi sistemahoi optikiro takmil doda, chun ilmi amali inkishof yoft. Badi ba vujud omadani elektrodinamikai klassiki malum shud, ki formulahoi Optikai geometriro az muodilahoi Maksvell hosil kardan mumkin ast.

Optikai geometri namunai nazariyaest, ki bo yorii miqdori kami mafhumu qonunhoi umda ba dast ovardani natijahoi amalii muhimro imkonpazir mesozad. Optikai geometri dar nazariyai oloti optiki to hol ahamiyati kalonero sohib ast.

Adabiyot: Landsberg G. S., Optika, 5 -izdanie, Moskva, 1976 (Obshiy kurs fiziki, tom 3