Oliya

Oliya ( muannasi (L)—ba­land, purhashamat, boshukuh), martabai balandi shohmotbozoni asri miyonai Movarounnahr, Khuroson, Eron va baze mamlakathoi arab; ustodi buzurgi bozii shatranj, ki bo mafhumi grossmeysteri imruza taq- riban hammanost. Istilohi «Oliya» dar Osiyoi Miyona badi istiloi arab paydo shuda, asrhoi 8—9 mamul gasht va joi istilohi peshtarai ustodi behbozrogirift.

Shoir Abdulhofizi Shatranji dar asri 8, Jobiri Kufi, Abujafari Ansori, Naimi Khodim, Zayrobi’ Katoni Khorazmi, Adli, Roziq Munajjim dar asri 9, Abubakr Muhammad ibni Sihi- us-suli, Movardi dar asri 10 az avva­lin va mashhurtarini Oliyaho budand, ki az khud osore chand ba meros gu- zoshtaand. Khususan Suli shuhrati tamom dosht va holo ham bazan dar haqqi shohmotbozi khub meguyand, ki «u misli Suli mebozad».

Oliyaho az jihati mahorat se tabaqa budand. T a b a q a i 1-um tarh namesitond, bal­ki khudash tarh medod (tarh dodan peshdod ast, yane pesh az shurui bozi yak-du piyoda yo savorro ba kharif dodan, be yak yo du savor bozi kardan; tarh dodan va sitondai qoidahoi muayyan dosht, ki khushbakhtona. to zamoni mo rasidaand). Tabaqai 2-yum nim piyoda tarh va khuquqi pesh bozidanro megirift va meboist az 10 bozi setoyashro bubarad 8 qoim kunad. Ii tabaqai Oliyaho taqriban ba darajai ustodi sporti hozira barobar ast. T a b a q a i 3-yu m du piyoda yo yak fil tarh mesitond (on vaqt fil ba du piyoda barobar bud) va az 10 bozi meboist yakero bubarad va yo qoim kunad.

In tabaqai Oliyaho ba shohmotbozi razryadi 1- umi hozira barobar ast. Oliyaho dar musobiqahoi harsola in nomro megiriftand. Qadimtarin musobiqai shohmotbozi, ki dar borai on baze malumotho to zamoni mo rasidaast, musobiqai soli 819 bayni Jobir, Zayrob va Abulkhrfiz dar Khuroson meboshad.