Okrugi Avtonomii Taymir

Okrugi Avtonomii Taymir (Dolganu Neneshsho), dar haya- ti kishvari Krasnoyari RSFSR. 10 dekabri 1930 tashkil shudaast. Dar Doirai Qutbi Shimoli voqe ast. Az Shimol onro bahrhoi Kara va Laptevho ihota kardaand. Masohat  862,1 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 44 hazor nafar (1979), asosan rusho, inchunin dolganho, nenesho, nganasanho, ensho. Zichii aholi dar 1 kilometr² 0,05 nafar.

Ba 3 rayoni mamuri taqsim shuda, 1 shahr va 1 posyolkai tipi shahr dorad. Markazash shahri Dudinka. Dar hududi Okrugi avtonomii Taymir rayoni madani Norilsk voqe gardidaast. Territoriyai Okrugi avtonomii Taymir nimjazirai Taymir (bo jazirahoi   bayni khalijhoi Enisey va Khatanga), qismi shimol pushtakuhi Sibiri Miyona, galajazirai Zamini Shimoliro darbar megirad. Dar janubi garbii on yak qismi hamvorii Sibiri Garbi joygir ast. Sarvathoi zerizamini: misu nikel (Norilsk), angishtsang, gaz va gayra. Dar shimol Okrugi avtonomii Taymir  havzai kaloni angishtsangi Taymir mavjud ast.

Iqlim, zimistonash khele khunuk (harorati miyonai yanvar dar Dudin­ka taqriban—30*S), tobistonash kutohi salqin. Ruzkhoi oftobi khele kam, havoyash sernam, tamomi sol shamoli sakht mevazad. Harorati mi­yonai iyul 2—13%. Borishoti solona 110 —350 milimetr. Davrai nashvi ras­tani 40—80 shaboruz. Mavzei yakhbandi khe­le vase ast. Daryohoi kalon: Enisey, Pyasina, Khatanga; kulhoi kalon: Taymir, Lama, Pyasino va gayra.

Dar zonai arktiki qarib tamoman ushna nest, gulsangu buttazor khele kam. Dar kismi tundravi butta­zorhoi tundravi, tusi shimoli, majnunbed, ushna, gulsang, alaf meruyand. Dar vodii Khatanga jangalhoi archayu tus va gayra ziyodand. Masohati kalonro ushna ishgol kardaast, ki khuroki gavazn mebo­shad. Az olami khayvonot gavazni shi­moli, gusfandi kuhi, rubokhi shimoli, gurg, qoqum, khargush, az parrandaho bumi safed, kabki safed va tundravi vomekhurand. Tobiston ba inho murgobiho, qozho, quvon, ta­ga raho va digar parrandaho meoyand. Az mokhihoi qimati saydshavanda ozodmohi va tosmohi mavjudand. Dar bahrkho tyulen, morj, belukha, dar yakhho khirsi safed zindagi maeku nand.

Dar sohilhoi daryohoi Popigay va Khatangai nimjazirai Taymir nishonahoi zindagii odamoni davrai neo­lit yoft shudand. Az okhiri hazorai 1 milod dar territoriyai Taymir qabilahoi samodii — achdodoni khalqhoi hozirai in jo (dolgankho, nenesho va digar) maskun shudand. Aholii mahalli hayoti kuchmanchigi ba cap bur­da, bo gavaznparvari, shikoru mohigiri mashgul bud.

Rusho ba nimjazira avvalin bor dar miyonai asri 16 va bad dar ibtidoi asri 17 omadand, Onho boshishgohhoi zimistona va dehaho mesokhtand, beshtar bo sanoat va savdo mashgul budand. Tarzi zindagii kuchmanchigi, kambagali, kasaliho sababi talafoti kaloni aholi megardid. Taminoti aholii Taymir dar dasti savdogaron bud. Binobar in zindagii aholii mahalli ba onho vobastagi dosht. Hamroh shudann khalqhoi Taymir ba pmperiyai Rossiya capfi nazar az siyosati mustamlikadori, surati taraqqiyoti iqtisodii mahalro tezond.

Pas az Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr hanuz dar Taymir Hokimiyati Soveti barqaror nashuda bud. Faqat badi torumor karda shudani dastahoi Kolchak tobistoni 1920 dar Taymir Hokimiyati Soveti barpo karda shud. Okhiri soli 1920 dar Okrugi avtonomii Taymir ittihodiyahoi istehsoli barpo karda shudand, ki bad onho ba artelhoi kosibi tabdil yoftand.

Peshrafti sohahoi na­vi khojagi aholii Taymirro ba hayoti muqimi ovard. Soli 1930 dar Ust- Port (daryoi Enisey) zavodi konservi mohi sokhta shud. Solhoi 1930 savdoi davlatiyu kooperativi vusat yofta, kolkhozu sovkhozho tashkil shudand. Ba tu­fayli kushoda shudani Rohi Bahrii Shimoli hayoti mardumi Taymir, iqtisodiyot va madaniyati on ba kulli tagyir yoft. Bo qarori Prezidiumi KIM-i Umumirossiya az 10 dekabri 1930 okrugi millii Taymir (Dolganu Nenesho) tasis yoft va markazi on Dudinka muayyan gardid (az soli 1977 Okrugi avtonomii Taymir).

Khalqhoi Taymir dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti sokhti kapitalistiro az cap guuzaronida, az shaklhoi khojagidorii jamoai ibtidoi ba sotsializm guzashtand. Dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani khalqhoi in sarzamin dar aqibgoh mehnat mekardand va dar frontho mejangidand. Okrugi avtonomii Taymir  bo Ordeni Bayraqi Surkhi Mehnat (1973) va ordeni Dus­tii Khalqho (1972) mukofotonida shudaast.

Dar istehsoloti sanoatii Okrugi avtonomii Taymir sanoati madan va mohigiri joi asosiro ishgol menamoyand. Gavaznparvari, shikori hayvoni muinador va mohigiri sohahoi ananavii khojagi ast. Inchunin chorvoi shirdeh va hayvonhoi muinador parvarish karda meshavand. Manbai energetikiash: GES-i Khatanga va TES, ki bo angisht kor mekunad. Angisht va gaz istehsol karda meshavad.

Metallurgiyai ranga taraqqi kardaast (kombinati metallurgiyai kuhii shahri No­rilsk). Soli 1978 dar Okrugi avtonomii Taymir 14 sov­khoz bud. 3avodhoi korkardi mohi dar Dudinka, Khatanga va Ust-Port voqeand. Soli 1978 1664 gov, 320 khuk va 88 hazor cap gavazni shimoli dosht. Naqliyoti asosii okrug: daryoi (asosan bo daryoi Enisey), bahri (bo Rohi Bahrii Shimoli), havoi va rohi ohan Bandarhoi asosi: Dudinka, Dikson, Khatan­ga, Gazoprovodi Messoyakha — No­rilsk guzaronida shudaast.

Soli tahsili 1978/79 dar Okrugi avtonomii Taymir 28 maktabi malumoti umumi (8,7 hazor nafar talaba), tekhnikumi veterinari (334 khonanda), 44 muassisai tomaktabi (3162 nafar kudak), 3 kitobkhonai ommavi, muzei kishvarshinosii okrug, 40 klub, 44 dastgohi filmnishondihi kor mekardand. Gazetai okrugii «Sovetskiy Tay­mir» («Taymiri soveti», az soli 1932) nashr meshavad. Programmahoi radioi markazi va radioi kishvar shunavonda meshavand. Radioshunavonii okrugi ba zaboni rusi, nenesi, dol­gam va nganasani ast.