Oilai kalon

Oilai kalon, jamoai  oila. yake az yacheykahoi asosii khojagi va ijtimoii davrai zavodi sokhti jamoai ibtidoist; shakli tarikhii oi­la. Kheshu tabori tarafi padar, ahli oilai on, az jumla dukhtaroni khona va naberadoro dar bar megirift. Odatan 3 yo az in ziyod avlod Oilai kalonro tashkil medod. Shumorai azoi Oilai kalon ba 20—30 nafar merasid va dar baze mavoze beshtar az 100 kas bud. Asosi iqtisodii Oilai kalonro vositahoi isteqsoli on: zamin, chorvoi umumi tashkil medod.

Gamomi boigari va daromadi azoi oila umumi bud. Dar cohai istemol ham azoyoni Oilai kalon barobar budand. Oilai kaloni muqimi dar havlihoi kalon va bodiyanishin dar kappaqo zindagi mekardand va dar dar yak oila baroi zanu shavhar joi muayyane judo kar­da meshud. Bayni azoyoni oila munosibati padarshohi hukmron bud. Shakhsi kukhansoltarin (dar baze oilaho mutabartarin) sardori oila hisob meyoft. U ba khojagii oila sardori mekard. Ruzgori oilaro yordamchii sardor — zani solkhurda (aksar zavjai sardori oila) idora mekard. Javonon muvofiqi sinnu sol ba navbat zan megiriftand.

Aksariyati javononi aholii muqimi va nimmuqimi ba kheshu tabori khud kho­nador meshud. Hamai kharojoti tuy va qalin az hisobi umumi bud. Oilai kalon dar davrahon gunogun bayni hamai khalqhoi jahon vujud dosht. Oilai kalon dar mamlakathoi Sharqi Nazdik va Mi­yona, khususan dar Osiyoi Miyona, dar hazorai 1 to milod shakl girnfta, dar shahrho asri 5 va dar bayni aholii bo- diyanishin asrhoi 10—12 khele pahn shud.

Barobari kharidu furush va istehsoli masnuot Oilai kalon baroi bozor ham mahsulot taiyor mekardagi shud. Azoyoni jamoai oila imkoniyati pul yoftanro ba dast ovardand. Dar natija odamoni alohida soqibi mo­lu mulki shakhsi shudand, ki dar in jarayon zanho niz ishtirok doshtand. Dar natijai paydoishi molu mulki shakhsi, badtar molikiyati khususi tanazzuli Oilai kalon cap shud.

Dar Eron va Osiyoi Miyona az okhiri asri 5 joi Oilai kalonro oilai khurd girift. Vale dar ba­robari oilai khurd dar rayonhoi az markazhoi madani dur va az jihati iqtisodi qafomonda Oilai  kalon to okhiri asri 19— avvali asri 20 vujud dosht. Dar shahr va mahalhoi gunoguni Osiyoi Miyona dar barobari ba rayonhoi durdast pahn shudani munosibathoi moliyu puli poyai Oilai kalon benihoyat sust shuda, oilai khurd ba yacheykai asosi tabdil gasht.