Obekt

Obekt (lotini objectum—predmet, az lotini objicio — ba pesh mepartoyam, muqobil meguzoram), chizest, ki dar muqobili faoliyati amali va marifatii subekt qaror megirad. Obekt ashyoest, ki ba faoliyati inson payvast shuda, novobasta ba shuur va irodai u vujud dorad.

Dar ayni za­mon obektiviyati reali baroi har yak fardi darkkunanda chun Obekt dar shakli faoliyat, zabon va donish zuhur meyobad. Harakati marifat az darajai muroqiba to ba tajriba boisi paydoishi Obekti nazariyavi megardad, ki on az marifati tajribavi ba kulli farq mekunad.

Vale Obekti tajribavi va nazariyavi du sohai gunoguni faoliyat nestand. Predmethoi marifati nazariyavi, az qabili gazhoi ideali, jismhoi sakhti ideali va ashyoi digari ide­ali ba tavri reali vujud nadorand, balki dar zaboni nazariyavi hamchun vasilai zarurii chudo kardan va qayd namudani on jikhathoi Obekt istifoda meshavand, ki be donishi tajribavi onhoro ba tavri komil bo tamomi khususiyathoyashon dar bar giriftan imkonpazir nest.

Statusi ontologii chunin Obekthoi nazariyavi monandi atomho, zarrachahoi elementari va gayra baroi sharhi amaliyoti Obekthoi tajribavi istifoda meshavad. Masalan, bo yorii nazariyahoi molekulyariyu kinetiki sharh dodani baze khususiyathoi amaliyoti makrojismho va gayra.

Ba in minvol, harakati doimii marifat az tajriba ba sui nazariya hargiz dur shudan az yak Obekti muayyan va tabdili on ba baze mazmunhoi digar nabuda, balki vo­sitai inikosi aniqi mazmuni daqiqii Obekt meboshad. Talimoti nazariyaviyu marifatii mazkurro materializmi dialektiki inkishof medihad. In talimot ba du nazariyai falsafi zid ast: avvalan, ba nazariyae, ki Obekti donistashavandaro baroi subekt bevosita dodashuda medonad; soniyan, ba talimote, ki Obektro «obektivkunonii» modiyati khudi subekt mehisobad.