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Normai zabon

Normai zabon, majmui qoidahoi tarikhan shaklgiriftai vositahoi umumiistemoli zabon, inchunin qoidahoi intikhob va istifodai in vositaho meboshad, ki azoyoni jamiyat dar davrai muayyani tarikhi qabul namuda, etirof kardaand. Doirai Normai zabon baso farokh buda, tarzi talaffuz, imlo, guftor, uslub, bayon, qonunu qoidahoi grammatiki, lugat va gayrapo faro megirad. Zaboni ba normadaromada zaboni adabiyoti badei, ilmi, matbuoti davragi, radioyu televizion, teatru kino, idorayu muassisai davlati, maktab va gayra meboshad. Ba in jo hamchunin normam talaffuzu imlo, normai lugat, nor­mai qoidahoi morfologiya, normav vohidhoi sintaksisi dokhil mesha­vand.

Normai zabon kategoriyai tarikhist: dar barobari ustuvoru bardavom budanash ba tagyirot duchor meshavad. In hol az khususiyati muhimmi zabon hamchun hodisai jamiyatiyu ijtimoi, ki hamrohi jamiyat muttasil dar inkishof ast, barmeoyad. Digargunin muayyani norma ba darajae merasad, ki baroi ayni yak hodisai zabon dar davrai muayyan yakchand qoida va vositai ifoda dida meshavad: dar ba­robari qoidai peshina ba tavri muvozi qoidai nav niz amal mekunad (baze ismho dar zaboni tojiki ham) bo suffiksi -on va ham bo suffiksi -ho jam meshavand: darakhton — darakhtho, korgaron — korgarho); baze ismho du shakli navisht dorand (gunbad — gunbaz, khidmat — khizmat); baze felho ham dar shakli ana­litiki va ham dar shakli sinteti­ki istifoda meshavand (talab kar­dan — talabidan, khanda kardan — khandidan).

Ustuvoriyu bardavomii nisbii vositahoi zabon, gunogunii vazifa va tobishhoi uslubii onho az khususiyathoi asosii Normai zaboni adabi meboshad. Normai imliyu grammatikai zaboni adabi nisbatan ustuvor ast, ammo leksika ba istifodai nis­batan ozod imkon medihad. Umuman, dar Norimai zabrni adabii mavjuda vositahoi zabon varianthoi gunogun doshta metavonand. Variantho vazifahoi gunoguni uslubiro ijro menamoyand. Tashakkulu tahavvuli minbadai Normai zaboni adabi ba prosessi minbadai ba norma daromadani vositahoi zaboni (ba tavri stikhiyavi yo boshuurona) vobasta ast. Dar tashakkulu poydori va khimoyavu vusati Normai zaboni adabi adabiyoti badei, ilmii ommavi, maktab, teatru kino, nashriyotu matbuot, radio, televizion va digar vositahoi ommavii akhborot ahamiyati kalon dorand. Normai zabonii adabiro grammatikahoi normativi va farhangu lugatho, ki dar onho digargunihoi dar zabon ruydoda aks yofta meistand, muayyan mekunand.

Ad.: Sh u k u r o v M., Khar sukhan choevu khar nukta makome dorad, D.. 1968; Is­kovich V. A., Yazikovaya norma. M., 1968.

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