Nitroefirho

Nitroefirho, efirhoi murak­kabi kislotai nitratu spirtho, ki dar molekulaashon yak yo yakchand guruhi nitrati (—ON02) bo atomi karbon payvast shuda dorand. Masalan, alkilnitratho, nitrati spirthoi duatoma, nitrathoi gliserin, nitra­ti sellyuloza va gayra.  Nitroefirho vobasta ba shumorai guruhhoi nitratii tarkibashon ba mono-, di- va polinitroefirho chudo meshavand. Nitroefirhoro dar sanoat bo rohi tasiri hamdigarii kislotai nitrati konsentronida yo omekhtahoi nitronanda va spirtho hosil mekunand.

S*N„ON + HNOj^tCeH, ,ON02 + N*0. Alkilnitratho moddahoi moe bu­da, bui khush dorand; dar ob hal nameshavand, dar spirtu efirho nagz hal meshavand. Polinitroefirho moddahoi nisbatan noustuvor buda, hangomi zarba yo soish metarkand. Bazei onho moddahoi zuri tarkandaand. Masalan, nitroefiri pentaeritrit (TEN) S(SN2OSh2)ch va dietanol-N-HnTp v(DINA) 02N—N (CHjCHj0N02)2 va gayra Nitrat­hoi sellyuloza dar istehsoli borut va dinamit istifoda meshavand. Nitroefirho tasiri fiziologi dorand. Nigared niz Nitrogliserin.