Niobiy

Niobiy (lotini Niobium), Nb, elementi khimiyavii guruhi V sistemai davrii Mendeleev, raqami at. 41, massa i at. 92,9064. Niobiy yak izotopi tabii 93Nb dorad. Niobiy 2 * 10_3% massai qishri Zaminro tashkil menamoyad. Niobiy dar tabiat asosan dar namudi oksidho dar tarkibi mineralho yakjoya bo Ta, Ti, Sa, Na, Th, Ge, Va va gayra duchor meshavad. Qarib 130 mine­rali Niobiy malum ast. Aa 6 minerali ahamiyati sanoati doshtai Niobiy muhimtarinash pirokhlor va kolumbit (yo inobit) ast.

Konhoi kalontarini Niobiy dar Amerika, Kanada, dar SSSR (dar nimchazirai Kola) hast. Niobiy metalli khokistarrangi pulodgun; zichiash 8570′ kilogramm/metr (20 Selsiya), t gudozish 2500r Celsiya, t jushish 4927° Selsiya ast. Niobiy az jihati khimivi  nofaol buda, dar havo tanho dar harorati az 200° Selsiya baland oksid mesha­vad. Niobiy dar harorati baland bo gidrogen gidrid, bo nitrogen nitrid, bo karbon karbid va bo galogenho galogenid hosil menamoyad. Niobiy va khulahoi onro dar sanoat asosan bo usulhoi alyuminotermi, natriytermi, karbotermi dar harorati 1800— 1900° hosil mekunand. Niobiyro dar raketasozi, tekhnikai kayhoni va aviatsioni, radiotekhnika, elektronika, sokhtani apparathoi khimiyavi, ener­getikai atomi va gayra istifoda mebarand.

Adabiyot: Nedyukha I. M, Cherniy V. G., Niobiy — metall kosmicheskoy eri, Kiev, 1965; Zelik may A. N., Meersop G. A., Metallurgiya redkikh metallov, Moskva, 1973.