Nematodaho

Nematodaho (Nematoda), lundakirmho, sinfi kirmho az tipi nakhustkovokho. Qarib 500 hazor namudashon dar tamomi dunyo pahn shudaand. Darozii tanashon az yakchand hissai mm to 8,5 metr meshavad.

Nematodaho, Nematodahoi gayriparazit: 1 — Mononchus rapillatus (darrayada); 2—Steinerla mirabllis. Paraziti hayvonot va odam; 9 — Tetrameres sp. (a — modina, b — narina); 4 — Trichocep- halus trichlurus. Paraziti ras­ta n i ho— Meloldogyne sp. (nematodai buzgunji reshagii sabzavot).

Shakli badanashon khele gunogun (dukshakl, rishtashakl yo kurashakl) ast. Tanai Nematoho  az berun bo kutikulai halqashakl yo suftai muyakdor pushida shudaast. Dar zeri kutikulai epitelii yakqabata gipoderma va dar zeri gipoderma boshad, mushakhoi somati mavjud ast. Rudai Nematodaho shakli ustuvonaro dorad (dar baze namudhoyashon takhfif shudaast). Sistemai asabashon az halqai nazdigulu va 6 tanai asab iborat ast. Sistemahoi nafasu gardishi khun nadorand. Nematodaho odatan judojinsa buda, faqat baze namudashon khunaso meboshand. Nematodahoi narina az Nematodahoi modina khurdtar meshavand. Baroi baze Nematodaho dimorfizmi jinsi khos ast.

Dar Nematodahoi avlodi Syngamus (parazithoi trakheyai parrandaho) narina ba modina chaspidaast. Dar baze Nematodahoi digar boshad (masalan, Trichosomoides crassi cauda), narina dar rohhoi jinsii modina zindagi mekunad. Nematodaho hayvonhoi tukhmguzor, bazan zindazoyand. Nematodahoi gayriparazit dar khushki, obhoi shirinu shur ozod hayot meguzaronand. Namudhoi dar rastani, hayvonot va odam parazitikunandai Nematodaho niz mavjudand. Gizoi Nematodaho gayriparazit bakteriyaho, obsabzho, detrit va gayra meboshand. Dar bayni onho Nematodahoi darranda niz hastand. Baze Nematodaho hayoti anaerobi (be oksigen) meguzaronand. Nematodahoi parazit boisi ba vujud omadani bemorihoi vaznin (Kasalihoi nematodii ras­taniho, Nematodozho, Gelmintozho, Trikhinellyoz va gayra) megardand.

Dar Tojikiston dar hayvonhoi shirkhur qarib 60 (trikhosefalidho, telyaziyaho, diktiokaulho, onkhoserkho va gayra), az jumla dar odam qarib 10 (askaridaho, gijja, muyaksarho, ankilostomaho va gayra), dar parrandaho qarib 200 (spiruratho, filyariidho, oksiuratho va gayra) va dar rastaniho qarib 100 namudi Nematodahoi para­zit ba qayd girifta shudaand.

Ilme, ki Nematodahoro meomuzad, nema­todologiya nomida meshavad.

Ad: Osnovi nematodologii, tom 1—22, 1949—71; Paramonov A. A., Osno­vi fitogelmintologii, tom 1—3, Moskva, 1962—70; Shuls R. S., Gvozdev E. V., Osnovi obshey gelmintologii, tom 1—9, Moskva, 1970—76. L. F. Bogarenko.