Nargis

Nargisa, abhar, guli qahd (Narcissus), jinsi giyohest piyozakbekh az oilai kosagulho; guli khushbui navbahor. Balandiash 20—60 sm, az 2-to 6-to bargi darozi tasmashakl dorad. Dar yak poyai on az 1-to 15-to gul meshukufad.

Gulash 6-bargab  kalon (diametrash 2—10 sm), safed yo zard, mevaash guzai sepallai sertukhm, tukhmash mudavvar yo  gushadori siyoh.  Piyozakash bayzashakl (daroziash 2,5—5 sm, diametrash 2 — 5 sm), qahvarang. 60 (az rui malumoti digar  qarib 30) namudi Nargis asosan dar Evropai Janubi va kishvarhoi bahri  Miyonazamin meruyad.  Dar ITTIHODI ShURAVI (margzori kuhu doma- nakuh, beshai kushod, joyhoi sernami Zakarpatiya) faqat 1 namudi khudrui Nargis (N. angustifolius) mesabzad, ki onro hamchun giyohi nodir ba «Kitobi surkh»-i nabototi nodiri ITTIHODI ShURAVI dokhil kardaand. Dar bisyor nohiyahoi mamlakatamon va az on jumla dar Tojikiston yakchand namudi Nargis (N. po6ticus — Nargisii shahlo yo shahlonargis — nigared rasm, N pseudonarcissus, N. tazetta, N. jonquilla va gayra)-ro parvarish mekunand. Dar mavzei Sirzori payoni Orjonikidzeobod qarib 1 ga nargiszori tabii — N. poSticus (peshtar besh ap 5 ga budaast) voqest.

Nargis asosan az piyozakash ziyod meshavad. Baroi nashunamoi khubi hamai namudhoi Nargis zamini oftobruya lozim ast, vale dar joyhoi nimsoya va sernam ham khub mesabzand. Regkhok, gilkhoki serregu poru ba sabzishi mutadili Nargis musoidat mekunad, Ba khok poru va barghoi pusida andokhtan lozim ast. Mohhoi sentyabr — oktyabr piyozakro ba raddaho ba chuqurii 5 — 12 sm meshinonand, ki badi 2—3 sol gul mekunad. Piyozaki Nargis  dar yak jo ae 3 to 10 sol mesabzad. Agar Nargis bo usuli kishti tukhmi sabzonda shavad, badi 6—7 sol meshukufad. Vale khelhoi Nargisi rezagul badi 3—4 soli kishti tukhmi gul mekunand. Nargis dar sharoiti Tojikiton okhiri  fevral

va avvali  mart meshukufad. Ayyomi gulshukufti baze khelhoi Nargis to 20 ruz davom mekunad.

Nargis guli qadimist. Dar Yunoni Qadiv Nargisro guli shahidon mehisobidand. Rimiho bo Nargisi zard goliboni jangro peshvoz megiriftand. Dar Prussiya Nargis ramzi muhabbat va oilai khushbakht bud. Dar Shveytsariya har sol avvali mohi may guli Nargisro id mekardand.  Guli Nargis dar bayni tojikon niz mamul ast. Nosiri Khisrav guftaast: «…ba sahroe rasidem, ki hama nargis bud shukufta, chunon ki tamomati on sahro saped menamud az bisyorii nargisho» («Safarnoma», Dushanbe 1975, sahifai 17). Dar in du bayta Tohiri Chagoni latofatu tarovati Nargis baso khub tavsif shudaast:

On gule, k-az sok aa minoi sabz

Bar sarash-bar samu zar omekhta,

Nokhuni hur ast, guy, gird-gird,

Didai boz az miyon-sh angekhta.

Nargisro ba Evropa s. 1570 burdaand. Vale dar bisyor kishvarhoi Evropa asosan badi ruyondani avvalin khelhoi bogii Nargis (asri 19) mamul shud. Holo ziyoda ae 12 hazor kheli Nargis ba hisob girifta shudaast. Hamai khelhoi Nargisi bustoni dar natijai duraga kardani namudhoi N. albicans, N. I- coloe, N. cyclamineus, N. hispanicus, N. jonquilla, N. moschatus, N. nobilis, N. tazetta va gayra paydo shudaand.

Hamai namudhoi Nargis zahrnokand.  Nargis  baroi hayvonoti khojagii qishloq niz zahr- nok ast. Az Nargis beshtar buz, khuk va gov zahrolud meshavad. Zahroludii chorvo badi khurdani piyozak yo bargu poyai Nargis  zud zohir megardad. Alomathoi asosii zahroludi qay, varami shikam, ishol yo qabziyati meda, tez shudani nafaskashi va nabz, baland shudani harorat, susti va digarhoand. Chorvoe, ki sakht zahrolud shudaast, pas az 2—3 ruz nobud meshavad.

Abualii Sino bo ravgani gul va marhami bekhi Nargis illatu omosi asab, dardi band va peshobdonro tabobat mekard. Piyozak, bargu poyai Nargis to 1% alkaloid (likorin, tatsettin, pankratin, galantamin, narvedin va gayra) dorad. Malum ast, ki khlorgidrati likorin dar amaliyai tibbi muosir hangomi iltihobi muzmin va shadidi shush va rohi nafas chun dorui balgamovar istifoda meshavad. Az in ru baze namudhoi Nargis (mae., N. tazetta, ki dar piyoeakash to 0,5%’ likorin hast) chun ashyoi khom baroi istehsoli likorin tavsiya shudaast. Dar baze davlatho (Frantsiya, Italiya) Nargis (N. jonquilla, N. poSticus, N. pseudonarcissus va gayra)-ro baroi istehsoli ravgani efir meparvarand. Ae ravgani efiri Nargis navhoi aloi atr tayyor mekunand. Khushbuii ravgani efiri Nargisro hanuz Dioskorid (a. 1 i.) tarif karda bud.

Ad.: V o u l  E. A., Nartsissi, M , 1937; TSvetovodstvo Tadjikistana, D.,

1065; Artyushenko 3. T., Amarillisovie ITTIHODI ShURAVI., L., 1070; Gammermap A. F.!pv dig., Lekarstvennie rasteniya, M., 1075; Dekorativnie travyanistie rasteniya dlya otkritogo grunta ITTIHODI ShURAVI, t. 1, L., 1077.