Namii havo

Namii havo, miqdori bugi ob dar havost; yake az kharakteristikai muhimi obu havo va iqlim ast. Namii havo dar rafti jarayoni baze prosess- hoi tekhnologi, tabobati yak qator bemoriho, mahfuz doshtani asarhoi sanati tasviri, kitob va gayra az omilhoi muhim hisob meyobad. Kharakteristikahoi Namii havo inhoand: 1) chandiri (yo fishori partsial)-i bugi ob (e), ki bo N/m² (mm sut• simob yo mb) ifoda meyobad; 2) namii mutlaq a — Miqdori bugi ob ba hisobi g/m³; 3) namip khos q — miqdori bu­gi obi 1 kg havoi nam ba hisobi g; 4) nisbati gash w, ki bo miqdori bugi ob (bo g-ho) dar 1 kg havoi khushk muayyan karda meshavad; 5) na­mii nisbi r— nisbati chandirii bugi obi havo (e) bar haddi chandi­ri E; 6) norasoii nami d — farqi bayni haddi chandiri va chandirii aslii bugi ob dar hamon yak harorat va fishor; 7) nuqtai shabnam.

Namii havoi atmosferai Zamin dar fosilai vase tagyir meyobad. Masalan, dar nazdikii sathi Zamin miqdori bugi ob dar havo (az rui hachm) ba hi­sobi miyona az 0,2% (dar arzhoi bolo) to ba 2,5% (dar mintaqahoi tropiki) tagyir meyobad. Chandirii bug e dar arzhoi qutbi ayyomi zimiston az 1 mb (bazan hamagi sadyaki mb), ayyomi tobiston az 5 mb kamtar ast; dar mintaqahoi tropiki boshad on to 30 mb va az in kham ziyod meshavad. Dar biyobonhoi subtropiki e to ba 5—10 mb (1 mb = 10² 11/m²) merasad. Namii nisbi dar mintaqahoi ekvatori (miyonai solona 85% va ziyoda az in), dar arzhoi qutbi va ay­yomi zimiston dar sathi khushkihoi arzhoi miyona khele ziyod meboshad. Ayyomi tobiston namii nisbii mintaqahoe, ki dar onho bodhoi mussoni movazand, khele ziyod ast (masalan, dar Hinduston 75—80%). Dar biyobonhoi subtropiki va ayyomi zimiston dar mintaqahoi mussoni qimathoi khurdi r mushohida meshavand (to 50% va az in ham kam). Bo ziyod shudani balandi g, a va  q nip bo surat kam meshavayd. Dar balandii 1,5—2 km chandirii bug nisbat ba qimati on dar sathi Zamin ba hisobi miyona du barobar kam ast. Tro­posfera qarib 99% bugi obi atmosferaro dar bar megirad. Dar havoi boloi har yak m² sathi Zamin ba hisobi miyona 28,5 kg bugi ob mavjud ast.

Tagyiroti shaboruzii chandirii bug dar boloi uqyonusho va nohiyahoi nazdibahri mutanosiban bo tagyiri shaboruzii harorati havo ba amal meoyad: namii havo ruzona bo afzudani bukhorshavi ziyod meshavad. Tagyiroti solonai chandirii bugi ob niz muvofiqan bo tagyiri solo­nai harorati havo ba amal meoyad. Ammo tagyiroti shaboruzi va solo­nai namii nisbi ba tagyiroti sha­boruzi va solonai harorat chappa mutanosib ast. Namii havoro ba gigrometr va psikhometrho chen mekunand.

Namii havo ba prosessi mubodilai garmii organizm va muhit tasiri kalon dorad, az in ru baroi hayotguzaronii inson khele muhim meboshad. Hangomi past budani harorat va ziyod budani Namii havo ikhroji garmi az orga­nizm ziyod va harorati badani inson past meshavad; hangomi baland bu- dani harorat va ziyod budani Namii havo ikh­roji garmi yakbora kam shuda, boisi baland shudani harorati badan (makhsusan hangomi ijroi korhoi jismo- ni) megardad. Hangomi kam budani Namii havo organizm ba harorati baland khubtar tob meorad. Dar sharoithoi iqlimi mutadil 40-60% budani namii nisbii havo baroi inson sharoiti khubtarin ast. Baroi bartaraf kardani tasiri nomatlubi Namii havo ventilyatsiya, konditsionironii ha­vo va gayraro istifoda mebarand.