Naqliyoti daryoi

Naqliyoti daryoi, naqliyotii obi, naqliyotest, ki tavassuti on bo rohhoi obii dokhili (daryoho, kulho, obanborho, kanalho) bor va passajir mekashonand. Naqliyoti daryoi flot (hama guna kishtihoi gunoguni daryoi), rohhoi aloqa, bandarho, muassisahoi kishtisoziyu tamiri kishti va gayraro muttahid mekunad.

Kishtigardii daryoi dar asrhoi 6— 9 dar Baynannahrayn, Misri Qadim va Khitoy taraqqi karda bud. Rohi buzurgi obii «az varyagho to yunoniho» (rohi obii tijoratiest dar Ru­si Kiev, ki Rusi Shimoliro bo Janubi, Nazdibaltika va Skandinaviyaro bo Rum mepayvast) mashhur ast. Dar Rossiya avvalin kisht soli 1815 (dar Peterburg) sokhta shud. Avva­lin teplokhodi jahonro soli 1903 dar Rossiya sokhtaand.

Naqliyoti daryoi makhsusan dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti bosurat taraqqi kard. Tuli umumii rohi daryoii SSSR 9,6 million kilometr buda, ziyoda az 144,5 hazor kilometri on kishtigard ast. Muhimtarin rohhoi daryoi inhoand: Volga, Dnepr, Don, Dvinai Shimoli, Pechora, Enisey, Lena, Ob, Irtish, Amur. Muhimtarin kanalhoi kishtigard bahri Safedu Baltika, rohi obii Volgayu Baltikai ba nomi Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Kanali ba nomi Moskva, Kanali Volgayu Doni ba no­mi Vladimir Ilich Lenin meboshand. Bandarhoi asosii daryoi inhoand: Moskva (3-to), Gorkiy, Volgograd, Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk, Leningrad, Rostov, Perm, Arkhangelsk, Osetrovo (dar daryoi Lena), Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Khabarovsk, Igarka. Inkishofi rohhoi obii dokhili ba tufayli sokhtmoni inshooti kaloni gidro­energetiki bo shlyuzhoi kishtigard (Volgograd, Kuybishev, Saratov,Gorkiy (dar daryoi Volga), Perm (dar daryoi Kama), Kakhovka, Kremenchug, Dnep­rodzerjinsk, Kiev (dar daryoi Dnepr), Novosibirsk (dar daryoi Ob), Irkutsk, Bratsk (dar daryoi Angara) va gayra ba tanzimi jarayoni daryoho musoidat mekunand. Floti daryoi muntazam bo kishtihoi navi hozirazamon tamin karda meshavad. Dar SSSR bo Naqliyoti daryoi 568,1million tonna bor (burduovardash 244,9 milliard tonna/kilometr) va 138 million nafar pas­sajir kashonida shudaast (1 yanvar 1980).

Az jumlai daryohoe, ki dar hududi Tojikiston joriand (qisman daryoi Amu va shokhobi on Panj) kishtigardand (tulashon 300 kilometr). Ko­ri Naqliyoti daryoii dokhili RSS Tojikistonro muassisai korhoi kishtironii daryoii osiyoimiyonagi ba uhda giriftaast. Bo kishti bayni respublikahoi barodarii Uzbekiston, Turkmaniston va Tojikiston bor mekashonand. Soli 1970 bo Naqliyoti daryoi 160,0 hazor tonna bor kasho­nida shudaast, ki hajmi voridotash 333,2 hazor tonna bud. Qismi ziyodi bori ovardashuda mahsuloti neft (42%), galla (9%), chubu takhta (4%) ast. Panj, Ayvaj, Fayzobodqala istgohhoi asosii kishtiand. Qarib ha­mai bor az bandari Tirmiz (RSS Uzbekiston) ovarda meshavad. Istgohi kishtii Panji Poyon bo rohi ohani kambari on jo aloqamand ast.