Naql

Naql (ar. — az joe ba joi digar burdan), dar folklor, yak shakli osori nasri dahanakii khalq ast, ki tarikhi qadima dorad. Naql hamchun mahsuli ejodiyoti badeii khalq munosibat va nazari odamonro dar borai tabiat va hayoti jamiyati ifoda menamoyad. Yak khususiyati Naqli khalqi on ast, ki asosi syujeti vay az voqeahoi aniqi hayoti faroham meoyad. Dar Naql tasvirhoi muboligador va hodisahoi khayolii az aql berun mavqe nadorand. Obraz va predmethoi tasvir niz dar Naql konkret va reali meboshand. Sokhti kompozitsionii Naql nisbatan sodda ast. Dar Naql tasvirhoi mufassal va pech dar pechi voqeaho dida nameshavand. Naql bo khususiyathoi janrii khud ba rivoyat khele nazdik ast. Binobar in guyandagoni khalqi goho ba joi Naql istilohi «rivoyat»-ro ba kor mebarand.

Bazan ham Naql va ham «rivoyat» ba­roi ifodai yak maqsad istifoda meshavad. Dar guftugui khalq ba joi Naql istemoli istilohhoi «hikoya», «qissa», «doston», «afsona» va gayra niz ba nazar merasad. Naql az jihati sokht, tarzi tasvir, mavzu, obraz va istifodai vositahoi badei ba janri yoddosht nazdik ast. Nvql chun digar janrhoi folklori, mavzuhoi gunogunro darbar megirad. Dar bayni tojikon oid ba mazoru ziyoratgohho, shahru dehot, mahallavu guzarho, chashmaho, yodgorihoi qadima, shakhsoni mashhuri tarikhi va gayra Naqlhoi bisyore mavjudand. Yak qismi Naqlho dar asosi aqidahoi mifologii mardum ba vujud omadaand va hamchunin az unsurhoi hayoti voqei kholi nestand.

Dar borai jonvaron va paydoishi onho niz Naqlhoi ziyode vujud dorand. Oid ba voqeahoi solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Soveti, jangi graj- dani, sokhtmoni kolkhozho va inshoothoi buzurg, voqeahoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani ham Naqlho hastand. Naql dar hayoti manavii khalq mavqei muayyan dorad. In shakli nasri khalqi baroi donistani fikru aqida, khayolot va tarzi zindagonii mardum kumak rasonda, oid ba omuzishi tarikhu madaniyati khalq materiali farovon medihad.