Malumoti ohirin

Naqarot

Naqarot, gardon, bozguy, muhimtarin juzi surud va tarona ast, ki pas az har band, bayt 6 misra takror yofta, baroi takidu taqviyai mano va ohangi musiqi, ta- mini robitai mantiqii bandho va jambast kardani maqsadi har matni surud ifodayofta khizmat meku­nad. Qarib hamai surudhoi marosimi, mavsimi, surudi modaron—«Al­la» va gayra Naqarot dorand. Naqarotho az jihati sokht, shakl va mazmun gunogunand. In gunoguni ba on mavqe, ki Naqarot dar surud dorad va ba on vazifae, ki dar surud ijro mekunad, aloqamand ast. Dar asarhoi folklori Naqarotho ba shakli nidohoe meoyand, ki bazan yagon manoi lugavi nadorand. Az rui adoi vazifa va mavqei khud dar surud Naqarotho khoriji va dokhili meshavand.

Dar zamonhoi qadim, vaqte ki bisyor surudho tanho az nidovu khitob va ovozhoi hamodang iborat budand, Naqarot vazifai matnro ham ba zimma dosht. Shakli qadimii Naqarot, ki az majmui takrori nidoho va kalimaho iborat bud, dar su­rudhoi motam, surudhoi tui, surudhoi mehnati boqi mondaand. Bo mururi zamon in qabil Naqarotho baroi shakl giriftani matni surudho asos shudaand. Dar in surudho Naqarot bo mundarijai matn aloqai mantiqi nadoshta tanho baroi quvvat dodani tasiri sheru surud, khizmat menamoyad. Chunin Naqarotho ba guruhi Naqarothoi khori­ji dokhil meshavand.

In nav Naqarotro sayyor niz meguyand. Naqarothoe hastand, ki bo matni surud dar yak vaqt ba vujud omada, bo on shaklan va mazmunan aloqai uzvi dorand. Inho Naqarothoi dokhilii surud buda, aksar band, bayt yo misrai avval va yo okhiri bandi khudi surud ba sifati Naqarot istifoda meshavand. Qarib hamai su­rudhoi kutohsatri khalqie, ki dar shakli musammati murabba (aaaa, bbba va gayra) gufta shudaand va surudhoe, ki matnashon ba asarhoi kitobi taalluq doshta, ba repertuari hofizon, havaskoroni sanat va artistoni kasbi dokhil gardidaand, Naqarothoi dokhili dorand. Dar adabiyoti sovetii tojik surudhoi Naqarotdor ziyodand.

Инчунин кобед

SATO

SATO, asbobi musiqii torist, ki bo kamoncha menavozand. Sato dar bayni tojikoi, uzbekho, eroniyon, afgonho …