Naysozi

Naysozi musiqii nafa­si. Nay az qamish yo bambuk sokhta shuda, odatan, haft bugumchubi onro dar bar girifta, haft surokhii asosi do­rad, ki ba yake az onho puf karda ovoz mebarorand. Az rui sokht va tarzi navokhtan ba yakchand nav judo meshavad. Agar az chub sozand, nai chubin, az mis boshad, nai misi, az gil boshad, nai gili meguyand. Nay nomi umumii guruhi kaloni sozhoi musiqi meboshad, ki dar bayni bisyor khalqhoi Sharq mamul ast. Dushokh, dunay, qushnay, duduk, tutuk az qabili onhoyand. Nay az jihati tarzi navokhtan du khel meshavad: Nayhoi bo tarzi ufuqi va amudi navokhtashavanda.

Tarikhi paydoishi Nay khele qadimist. Ba in, alalkhusus, haykalchahoi naynavozon, ki az hafriyoti bostonshinoson dar Afrosiyob yoft shudaand, shahodat medihand. Malumoti makhsusi ilmi roje ba Nay dar asari Forobi «Kitob- ul-musiqi-il-kabir» gird omadaand, ki onhoro ba nayi imruza nisbat dodan mumkin ast. Dar adabiyoti fors-tojik tavsifi Nay khele ziyod duchor meshavad va onro komilan chun ifodai ramzii ohangi hazin yo na­voi ushshoq ba qalam medihand. Nayi tojiki, ki dar zamoni mo khele ma­mul shudaast, az qabili Nayi bambu- ki ba shumor meravad. On az naychai diametrash 20—30 mm va daroziash 450—500 mm iborat buda, shash suro­khii bo angusht mahkamshavanda do­rad. Surokhii ovozbaroranda dar nazdikii tarafi pushidai Nay joygir shudaast. Nay boz yak surokhii ilovagi dorad, ki onro odatan bo kogaz yo pust mahkam mekunand. Az shash suurokhii ovozdihandai nay 7 ovozi di­atoniki ba vujud meoyad, ki onhoro bo rohi ziyod kardani quvvai havoi dokhilshavanda yo bo angushton pushondani rui surokhiho pastu baland kardan mumkin ast. Diapazoni qatorovozi Nay to ba duyunim oktava merasad, ki dar nota chunin ifoda meyobad:

Hangomi dar ansamblho istifoda burdani Nay, odatan, dirar asbobhoro (tanbur, dutor, gijjak va gayra) az rui balandii ovozi on jur meku­nand. Nay ovozi balandu hushtakomez, vale foramu nafis dorad. Az jiha­ti tekhniki imkoniyathoi farovonro dorost, ohangdoro bosurat va bo melizmahoi gunogun navokhtan mum­kin. Unsuri mashhuri musiqii Sharq — nola (yane dar yak zina ka yoftani ovoz) makhsusan dar Nay khush sado medihad. Ohanghoi «Munojot», «Chuli Iroq», «Navruzi sabo», «Navruzi Ajam», faqat bo Nay ijro meshavand. Repertuar va tekhiikai navokhtani Nay dar ruzhoi mo khele taraqqi kard. Dar omuzishgoh va maktabhoi musiqi shubai makhsusi naynavozi vujud dorad. Navozandagon asarhoi baroi fleyta inshonamudai bastakoroni mashhurro bo Nay menavozand.