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Nayshakar

Nayshakar (Saccharum), jinsi rastanihoi bisyorsolai qanddorest az oilai khushaiho. Poyaash rosti ba­land (to 6 m). Tugash va shokhchahoyash banddor, khushachaho­yash bo muyakhoi daroz va gulhoi dujinsa faro girifta shudaast. 5 na- mudi Nayshakar malum ast: Nayshakari asil (S. officinarum, nig. rasm) dar mamlakathoi tropiki parvarish meshavad; Nayshakari b a r b e r i (S. barberi) namudi vamziroativu polimorfi, dar nohiyahoi subtropikii Hinduston basyor ast; nay yo Nayshakar khudruy va polimorfi, dar janubu sharqii Osiyo, Hinduston, Afrakai Shimoli, Osiyoi Miyona (dar sohilhoi pasti daryohoi Sir, Amu va gayra) masohati vasero faro giraftaast; Nayshakari kh i t o i (S. sinense) dar Hindustoni Shimoli, Khitoi Janubi, Yaponiya kishtukor meshavad; sh o h n a y (S. robustum) namudi khudrue, ki dar Gvineyai Nav mesabzad.

Nayshakarro az qalamcha ziyod mekunand. Dar plantatsiyahoi Nayshakar sole 3—5 marotiba hosil megundorand, ki hujayrahoi parenkhimii poyai on to 20% (Nayshakari khudruy 2—10%) qand do­rad. Az shirai on rom tayyor meku- nand. Partonhoyashro dar sokhtmon va chun suzishvori ba kor mebarand. Osiyoi Janubu Sharqiro vatani Nayshakar meshumorand. Nayshakarro dar Hinduston 3 hazor sol pesh az melod kisht mekardand. Dar asri 6 Nayshakar dar mamlakathoi Sharqi Nazdik, bahri Miyonazamin va Khitoy parvarish meshud. Nayshakarro dar asri 15 ba jazhoi Azoru Kanar va dertar az Is­paniya ba Kubayu Meksika ovardand. Hosilnokii mayonai poyai Nayshakar 400— 500 sentner/ga (dar uchastkahoi taqribavi to 2000 sentner/ga) meboshad.

Dar ITTIHODI ShURAVI Nayshakar chun ziroati yaksola dar vodii Vakhshi RSS Tojikiston va viloyati urkhavdaryoi RSS Uzbekiston parvarish karda meshavad. Mohhoi fevral— mart Nayshakarro ba juyakho shinonida, mohi oktyabr (450—500 to 800 sentner/ga) megundorand. Qandinokii poyai Nayshakar 8—10% ast. Nayshakar baroi istehsoli rom istifoda me­shavad.

Ad.: P o l ya r u sh E. I., Sakharniy trostnik i ego kultura na yuge SredneP Azii, Stalinabad, 1959; Ustimenno G. V., V e l yu ch e n k o I. S., Tropiches­kie propashnie kulturi, M., 1906; J u- k o v s k i p P. M., Kulturnie rasteniya n ikh sorodichi, L.. 1971.

 

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