Nafaqa

Nafaqa  (ar. —kharji harruza, kharojot), dar SSSR pulest, ki az fondhoi jamiyatii istemolot ba grajdanho dar pironsoli, hangomi bemori, gum kardani qobiliyati mehnati va gayra doda meshavad. Huquqi giriftavi Nafaqro Konstitusiyai CGCP muqarrar kardaast (moddai 43). Nafaqa inchunin baroi khizmathoi bardavom, mahrum gashtan az parastori oila, baroi mehnati peshtara va faoliyati manfiatnoki jamiyati tain karda meshavad. Badi Revolyutsiya Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr masalai az hisobi davlat bo Nafaqa tamin kardani grajdanho ba miyon omad. Davlati Soveti az ruzhoi avvali mavjudiya- ti khud baroi invalidi va mahrum gashtan az sarparasti oila taini Nafaqaro peshbini namud.

Soli 1928 doda­ni Nafaqai pironsoli baroi korgaroni baze sohahoi sanoat, badtar baroi hamai korgaron, 1937 baroi khizmatchiyon jori gardid. Soli 1956 dar borai ziyod namudani miqdori Nafaqa qonun baromad. Muvofiqi in qonun Nafaqa ba korgaron, khizmatchiyon va digar grajdanhoe, ki nisbat ba onho sugurtai ijtimoi jori meshavad; ba khizmatchiyoni qatorii harby, serjantu starshina, michmanu praporshikhoi khizmatashon tulony, ba donishjuyoni maktabhoi oli, miyonai makhsus va gayra, hamchunin ba grajdanhoe, ki dar natichai ijroi vazifahoi davlati yo jamiyati, hifzi hayoti odamon va tartiboti jamiyati invalid gashtaand, ba azoyoni oilahoi nomburda, ki az sarparast mahrum gash­taand va gayra doda meshavad.

Pas az qabuli qonun dar borai Nafaqa va yordampuli ba azoyoni kolkhozho (1964) sistemai yagonai tamini Nafaqa ba vujud omad, ki amalan hamai mehnat- kashon va oilahoi onhoro faro girift. Kafolati tamini davlati be hej guna kamkuni az maoshi mehnatkashon; az tarafi davlat dodani Nafaqa az hisobi fondhoi umumiittifoqi; mavjudiyati qoidai yagonai nafaqadihi (piri, invalidi, mahrum gash­tan az sarparast); zarurati sinnu sol va talaboti yagonai staji kori baroi taini Nafaqa va gayra prinsiphoi asosii Nafaqai sovetiro tashkil medihand. Nafaqa muvofiqi tainot ba guruhhoi zer taqsim meshavad: Nafaqai pironsoli, Nafaqai invalidi, Nafaqa baroi mahrum gashtan az parastori oila, Nafaqa baroi khizmati shoistai darozmuddat, Nafaqai shakhsi.

Nafaqai pironsoli yakumri buda, sarfi nazar az qobiliyati kori ba korgaronu khizmatchiyon, azoyoni kolkhozho (ba mardoni  60-sola bo staji na kamtar az 25-sola, ba zanoni 55-sola bo staji na kamtar az 20-sola) do­da meshavad. Bo chunin staj, vale sinni 5 sol kamtar ba shakhsone, ki dar hifzi Vatan yo ijroi vazifa­hoi digari harbi invalid shudand, dar rayonhoi shimolii dur muntazam va na kamtar az 15 soli kalendari yo 20 soli kalendari dar choyhoe, ki sharoitashon ba Shimoli dur monand kor kardaand, niz doda me­shavad. Zanone, ki 5 va az on ziyod farzand tavallud karda, onhoro to 8-solagi tarbiya namudaand va na kamtar az 15-sola staji kori dorand, huquq dorand, ki az 50-solagi| ba Nafaqa baroyand.

Nafaqai pironsoli inchunin ba korgaronu khizmatchiyone, ki dar korhon zerizamini, joyhoi sharoiti koriashon zararovar, sekhhoi tafson kor mekunand (ba mardon az 50-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 20- sola ba zanon az 45-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 15-sola, ruikhati makhsusi shumorai 1); ba korgaronu khizmatchiyoni sharoiti korashon vaznin  (ba mardon az 55-solagi bo staji korii na kamtar az 25-sola, ba zanon az 50-solagi bo staji korii na kamtar az 15-sola; ruykhati makhsusi shumorai 2); ba korgarzanoni korkhonahoi bofandagi (az sinni 50-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 20-solai kori, dar asosi ruykhati makhsus); ba korgaronu khizmatchiyoni nobino (ba mardon az 50-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 15-solai kor, ba zanon az 40-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 10- solai kor); ba korgaronu khizmatchiyoni giriftori kasalii gipofizariyai nanizm — liliputho (ba mardon az 45-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 20-solai kori, ba zanon az 40-solagi bo staji na kamtar az 15-solai ko­ri) doda meshavad. Nafaqai azoyoni kolkhoz naboyad az 28 sum, korgaronu khizmat­chiyon naboyad az 45 sum (bo staji purrai kori) kam boshad. Darajai balandtarini Nafaqai yakmoha 120 sum meboshad. Nafaqai piri dar hajmi purra doda meshavad.

Nafaqai invalidi ba korgaron, khizmatchiyonu azoyoni kolkhozho baroi doimi yo muddati daroz gum kardani qobiliyati mehnati tain megardad. Ba shakhsone, ki dar natijai mayubii mekhnati yo bemorii kasbi inva­lid gashtaand, novobasta az muddati staji kori Nafaqa tain karda mesha­vad. Miqdori chunin Nafaqa nisbat ba Nafaqai shakhsoni dar natijai bemorii umumi invalidgashta ziyod ast. Hangomi tain kardani Nafaqa sabab, guruhi invalidi, kori ichrokarda va miqdori muzdi mehnati korgarro ba nazar megirand.

Nafaqa baroi mahrum gashtan az parastori oila, ba azoyoni oilai qobili mehnat nabudai korgar, khizmatchi yo azoi kolkhoz, ki az hisobi parastori oila zindagi me- kardand va holo u favtidaast yo bedarak gayb zadaast, doda meshavad. Dar chunin holat kudakon, barodaron, khoharon va naberagoni sinnashon ba 16 sola (khonanda ba 18-sola) narasidai shakhsi favtida dar sharoiti azoi oilai u hisob meyobad, ki onho padaru modari qobili mehnat nadoshta boshand va padaru modar, shavharu zani sinnu solashon ba piri rasida yo invalidgashta (azoyoni oilai kolkhozchi — invalidi guruhi 1 va 2) doshta boshand.

Nafaqa  baroi khizmati shois­tai darozmuddat ba korkunoni sohai maorif, tandurusti, hayati parvozi aviatsiyai grajdani, baze kategoriyai artistoni teatr va digar korkunoni muassisahoi namoishdihi, sarfi nazar az sinnu sol va holati qobiliyati kori doda meshavad.

Nafaqai sh a kh s i baroi shakhsone muayyan karda meshavad, ki baroi vatan  dar harakati revolyusioni, kori davlati, khojagiyu jamiyati khizmathoi makhsus doshta, dar sohai  inkishofi madaniyat, ilmu tekhnika khizmathoi buzurg kardaand. Dar holati  favtidan Nafaqa ba azoyoni oilai u doda meshavad. Muvofiqi khizmat Nafaqai ittifoqi, respublikavi va doroi I ahamiyati mahalli tain karda meshavad. Baroi nafaqakhuroni shakhsi imtiyozho (pardokhti 50% puli joi  istiqomat, istifodai garmi, gaz, quvvai elektriki, 80% arzon kardani doruvor, protezkunii bepul va gayra) mavjudand. Nafaqa aa tarafi organhoi vazorati taminoti ijtimoii  respublikahoi ittifoqi tain karda meshavad.

Nafaqa ba hayati ofiseroni Armiyai Soveti va Flot az tarafi organhoi  Vazorati mudofiai SSSR zimni ba nazar giriftani unvoni harbi va muddati khizmat dar armiya doda meshavad. Dar qarori KM KPSS va Soveti Vazironi SSSR (az 1 oktyabr 1979) zikr shudaast, ki istifodai mehnati nafaqakhuron dar khojagii khalq  adhamiyati kalon dorad. Aa in ru baroi boz ham samaranok istifoda burdani mehnati nafaqakhuron choraho andeshida shudaast. Taini Nafaqa zuhuroti gamkhorii benaziri Parti­yai Kommunisti va Davlati Soveti ast.

Taini Nafaqa baroi mehnatkashoni mamlakathop sotsialisti ham vujud dorad.