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Myuonho

Myuonho, (nomi peshtaraashon ji-m e z o n h o) , zarrahoi elementarii noustuvori spinashon ½-ro guyand, ki massaashon az massai elekt­ron takhminan 207 marotiba kalon ast. Hamagi 2,2 • 10—6 son «umr» mebinand. Myuonho ba sinfi leptonho dokhil meshavand, yane faqat dar tasiroti mutaqobili sust va elektromagniti ishtirok mekunandu bas. Myuonhoro soli 1936 fizikhoi amerikoi K. Ander­son va S. Neddermeyer avvalin bor dar tarkibi nurhoi kayhoni oshkor namudand. Manbai asosii Myuonho dar nurhoi kayhoni va dar suratfizohoi zarrahoi zaryadnoki balandenergiya kohishi -mezonho (pionho) va K-mezonho (kaonho) meboshand, ki hangomi ba ham barkhurdani zarra­hoi dar tasiri mutaqobilashon zur ba miqdori ziyod paydo meshavand:

+(K+) → µ+ + Vµ                          (1, a)

-(K-) → µ- + Vµ                             (1, b)

(Vµ , Vµ — neytrino va antineytrinoi myuoni). Myuonho bo ehtimoliyati mu- ayyan dar prosesshoi digari fiziki niz ba amal meoyand. Masalan, hangomi tavlidi jufti µ+ µ- bo            fotonhoi balandenergiya +µ- kohishi elektro- magnitii mezonhoi navi r → µ + ++ µ- + µ —, kohishi leptonii ba nom gi-

peronb: °ʌ→r + µ – + V r va gayra. Tasiri mutaqobilai susti yuonho. kohishi onhoro ba vujud meorad.

µ+ → e+ + Ve  + Vµ                      (2, a)

µ- → e- +Ve + Vµ                         (2,6)

(e+, e- pozitron va elektron, ve,

ve  — neytrino va antineytrinoi elektroni). Ba sababi dar tasiri mutaqobili sust vayron shudani qonuni baqoi juftiyati fazoi mavridi qohishi (2, a) pozitronho asosan dar samti spini µ+ va mavridi qohishi (2, b) elektronho asosan dar samti muqobili spini µ – parida mebaroyad. Natijai tajribahoi okhirin nishon medihad, ki Myuonho dar hamai tasiroti mutaqobili malum aynan chun elektron (pozitron) ishtirok mekunandu myuon va elektron az ham faqat az jihati massa farq dorand.

In hodisa µ -e-  universaliyat nomida meshavad. Dar ayni hol myuon va elektron az hamdigar bo yagon adadi kvantii dokhili farq mekunand va chunin farqiyat ba neytronhoi onno Vµ va Ve niz khos ast. Yake az shahrhoi imkonpaziri farqi Myuonho va elektron (az jihati massa) farziyae meboshad, ki muvofiqi on µ  va az e- va Ve bo zaryadi (adadi) leptonm l farq mekunand: baroi e— va ve  l=+1, baroi µ  va Vµ l=—1 ast (baroi antizarrahoi onho alomathoi l baraks meboshad). Mavjudiyati µe-universaliyat yake az muammonoi ajibi tabiat ast, ki hanuz hal nashudaast. Azbaski massai Myuonho az massai elektron khele kalon ast, talafi energiyai Myuonhoi sare ba shuoafkanii tormozivu tavlidi jufti earraho nazar ba talafi energiyai ‘elektronhoi sare ba shu­oafkanii tormozi kamtar ast. In omilho qobiliyati balandi guzaronandagii Myuonhoro tamin mekunaid. Dar natija Myuonhoi shuohoi kayhoni az atmosferai Zamin ba osoni guzashta, to chuqurihoi kalon (vobasta ba energiyaashon) ba qari Zamin furu meravand. In khususiyati Myuonho baroi justujuhoi geologi vase istifoda meshavad. Dar Instituti fi­zika va tekhnikai AF Tojikiston chunin tadqiqotho guzaronida mesha­vand.

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