MUSOBIQAI SOSIALISTI

MUSOBIQAI SOSIALISTI, tashabbusi ejodii mehnatkashoni dav-lathoi sotsialisti, ki dar muborizai boshuurona va faoli korgaronu kollektivho baroi dar tamomi sohahoi hayoti jamiyati ba natijahoi behtarin noil shudan zohir megardad; yake az usulhoi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii mehnat, ishtiroki mehnatkashon dar idorai istehsolot, tarbiyai munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat, qonuni obektivii tarzi istehsoloti sotsialisti. Musobiqai sotsialisti intizom va kollektivizmi sotsialistiro mustahkam namuda, baroi boz ham behtar jori kardani natijahoi revolyutsiyai ilmiyu tekhniki kumak merasonad. Sababi asosii inkishofi Musobiqai sotsialisti durust ba roh mondani havasmandonii moddiyu madani meboshad. Musobiqai sotsialisti bo mohiyati khud az raqobati mamlakathoi kapitalisti ba kulli farq mekunad. Prinsiphoi asosii Musobiqai sotsialisti  az tarafi Vadimir Ilich Lenin kor karda shudaast: ommaviyat, muqoisashavandagii natijaho, imkoniyati takrori tajribai amali, musobiqai rafiqona va yorii tarafayn. Darajayu shaklhoi Musobiqai sotsialistiro vazifahoi sokhtmoni sotsialisti va kommunisti, ki obektivona pukhta rasidaand, muayyan me-kunand. Shanbegihoi kommunisti (1919) yake az shaklhoi avvalini Musobiqai sotsialisti  meboshand. Dar davrai industroni shakli asosii Musobiqai sotsialisti brigadahoi zarbdor budand (nigared Zarbdori). Soli 1929 baroi inkishofi ommavii Musobiqai sotsialisti  sharoit faroham omad. 20. 1. 1929 gazetai «Pravda» maqolai Lenin «Kak organizovat sorevnovanie»-ro nashr

kard (24-27. 12. 1917), 0-9. 1. 1918 (navishta shudaast) az tarafi mehnatkashon hamchun davati partiya ba Musobiqai sotsialistii ommavi qabul karda shud. Tashabbuskori Musobiqai sotsialisti  dar miqyosi umumiittifoqi kollektivi zavodi «Krasniy viborjes*-i Leningrad (5. 3. 1929) bud. Murojiatnomai Konferensiyai umumiittifoqii 16-umi VKP (b) «Ba hamai korgaron va dehqononi mehnatkashi Ittifoqi Soveti», qarori Komiteti Markazii VKP(b) az 9. 5.1929   «Dar bopai musobiqai sotsialistii fabrika va zavodhoi rohi inkishofi Musobiqai sotsialistiro hamchun usuli kori doimi, ki asosi onro ishtiroki ommai vasei mehnatkashon tashkil medihad, muayyan kard. Mohi may soli 1930 dar zavodi moshinsozii Rostov shaklhoi navi Musobiqai sotsialisti, yane brigadai hamakorai zarbdor, ki korgaroni yakchand sekhhoro dar bar megirad, dar koni ba nomi Artyoma Donbass — yorii jamiyati, yane yorii kollektivona ba qafomondagon; mohi iyuni 1930 dar zavodi ba nomi Karl Marks shahri Leningrad bo bahisobgirii zakhirahoi istehsoly plani moliyaviyu sanoatii istiqboli tartib doda shud, tobistoni soli 1932 harakati izotovi ogoz yoft (bo tashabbusi N. A. Izotov). Soli 1935 harakati stakhanovi (bo tashabbusi A. G. Stakhanov) — harakati ommavii navovaroni istehsoloti sotsialisti ba vuchud omad. Stakhanovchiyon tekhnikai navro omukhta, bo rohi rasionalizasiyai prosesshoi istehsolot ba boz ham baland shudani hosilnokii mekhnat muvaffaq megashtand.

Dar solkhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—45) shaklhoi navi Musobiqai sotsialisti  ba vujud omad, ki maqsadi on bo shumorai navi korgaron mahsuloti ziyod istehsol kardan (harakati dusad-nafariyon, hazoriyon, bisyordastgohchiyon, serhunaron, brigadahoi komsomolonu javonon va brigadahoi fronti) va behtar istifoda burdani usulhoi suratnoki istehsolotu sokhtmon bud. Bo rohbarii Komiteti Markazi VKP(b) va Komiteti Davlatii Mudofia mohi may—iyuni 1942 Musobiqai sotsialistii umumiittifoqii korgaroni sanoat, naqliyot, sokhtmon, khojagii qishloq, savdo va digar sohaho baroi ba front beshtar kumak rasonidan cap shud. Dar solhoi avvali badijangi Musobiqai sotsialisti  ba ijroi qarorhoi davlatii aznavbarqarorkuni va minbad baland bardoshtani khojagii khalq, behtar namudani sifati mahsulot va nishondihandahoi balandi kor ravona shuda bud.

Oktyabri 1958 kollektivi depon Moskva-Sortirovochnaya baroi sohib shudan ba unvoni brigadai mehnati kommunisti musobiqa tashkil kard, ki onro tamomi mamlakat tarafdori namud. Mohiyati in harakat az baland bardoshtani mavqei Musobiqai sotsialisti  dar tarbiyai kommunistii mehnatkashon iborat ast. Bo tashabbusi brigadiri kombinati bofandagii Vishnevolosk V. I. Gaganova harakat baroi guzashtani korgaroni peshqadam ba brigadayu uchastkahoi qafomonda bo maqsadi jori namudani usulhoi psshqadam, tashkili hednat va noil gashtan ba nishondidahandahoi baland cap shud. Dar Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, Musobiqai sotsialisti  soli 1935 avj girift. Plani davlatii tayyor kardani mahsuloti khojagii qishloqro ijro namuda respublika dar Musobiqai sotsialistii umumiittifoqi joi yakumro ishgol kard. Bisyorii ishtirokchiyoni Musobiqai sotsialisti  tashabbuskoronu sarkunandagoni harakati stakhanovi shuda, dar sohai pakhta kori rekordhoi avvalin guzoshtand va sazovori mukofotho gardi-dand. X. Abilova, D. Kholmatov, P. Bobokalonov va digar, iichunin pionerka — zarbdori mehnat Mamlakat Nahangova sazovori ordeni Lenin shudand.

Soli 1939 sinfn korgari Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston bo ruhbalandii kalon tashabbusi kollektivi zavodi «Krasniy proletariy*-ro dar borai pesh az muhlat ijro namudani plani panjsolai 3-um dastgiri kard. Moskvagihoro avvalin shuda dar respublika korgaronu khizmatchiyoni GES-i Varzob, ki dar navbati khud korgaroni sanoati respublikaro baroi ba Musobiqai sotsialisti  hamroh shudan davat mekardand, tarafdori namudand. Konchiyoni Shurob, neftchiyoni Isfara, bofandagoni Dushanbeyu Leninobod, konservchiyoni Konibodom, korgaroni bisyor zavodhoi pakhtatozakuni planhoi istehsoliro doimo 1,5—2 marotiba barziyod ijro mekardand. Dar tahti rohbarii tashkilothoi partiyavi dar korkhonahoi Respubrmkai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston harakati bisyordastgohchiyon avj girifta, bisyorhunari vase pahn gardid. Dar okhiri soli 1939 dar sanoati sabuki respublika peshqadamon, navovaroni istehsolot qismi ziyodi shumorai umumii korgaronro tashkil medod. Solhoi 1939—41 dar rafti sokhtmoni Kanali Kaloni Fargona dahho hazor kolkhozchiyon, irri-gatoron, mutakhassisoni khojagii qishloq, komsomolonu javonon shakli munosibati sotsialistiro ba mehnat nishon dodand. Dar korhoi zaminii uchastkhoi Leninobod nishondihandahoi baland ba dast ovarda shudand, ki dar on jo brigadahoi I. Rajabov, D. Kholmatov, A. Goibov normahoro 355— 670% ijro mekardand. Musobiqai sotsialisti   dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston khususan dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani vase pahn gasht.

Yakumin shuda dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston tashabbusi harakati dusadnafariyonro brigadai fabrikai shohibofii Dushanbe bo rohbarii Ahmadov tarafdori namudand. Harakati bisyordastgohchiyon afzud. Bisyor korgarzanoni fabrikai resomonresii kombinati shohibofii Leninobod ba joi 72 khuk 96 khukro idora mekardand. Dar sekhi resmonpechoni bisyor peshqadamoni istehsolot ba joi chor ba idora kardani shash deg guzashtand va gayra. Dar okhiri solhoi 50 shakli navi Musobiqai sotsialisti — harakat baroi munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat paydo shud. Dar korkhonaho shaklhoi ishtiroki faoli korgaron, dar takmili istehsolot it ittihodihoi ejodii mehnatkashon (byurohoi jamiyatii konstruktori, tekhnologi, tahlili iqtisodi, akhbori tekhniki, tashkili mehnat va gayra) ba vujud omadand. Dar solhoi 60 dar respublika harakat baroi munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat avj girift. Sentyabri 1965 dar respublika 405 fabrikayu zavod, 95 mushovarai istehsolii sekhii doimi amalkunanda va 73 byuroi konstruktoriyu tekhnologi mavjud budand. Musobiqai sotsialisti   ba munosibati 50-solagii Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii  Tojikiston, 100-solagii ruzi tavalludi Vladimir  Ilich Lenin, 50-solagii barpo kardani Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti SSSR va boz ba munosibati 60-solagii Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr vusat yoft. Dar davrai jamiyati sotsialis-tii mutaraqqi baroi inkishofi hamatarafa va ruzafzuni Musobiqai sotsialistii omma hamai sharoitho faroham ast. Tajassumi inro dar muntazam afzudani shumorai musobiqakunandagon, maqsadnokii musobiqa, inkishofi harakat baroi munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat mebinem. Soli 1977 dar miqyosi Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti SSSR dar Musobiqai sotsialisti  beshtar az 97,5 million nafar odamon ishtirok doshtand. Shumorai ishtirokkunandagoni harakat baroi munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat ba 57,8 million nafar rasid. Soli 1977 dar Musobiqai sotsialisti   dar Tojikiston beshtar az 652 hazor nafar (ziyoda az 91%-i korgaronu khizmatchiyon) ishtirok doshtand. Beshtar az 232 hazor kas dar harakati munosibati kommunisti ba mehnat ishtirok dosht. Ba 75 korkhonayu muassisa, 4547 brigada, sekh, uchastka, ferma nomi balandi kollektivi mehnati kommunisti doda shudaast. Ziyoda az 79 hazor nafar peshqadamon sazovori un-voni fakhrii «Zarbdori mehnati kommunisti» behtarin istehsolotchiyon ba unvoni Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsialisti musharraf gardid, ziyoda az 7 hazor nafar bo ordenu medalhoi Ittifoqi Soveti mukofotonida shudaand.

Adabiyot: Levaya V. I., Tashabbusi buzurg, Stalinobod, 1954; hamon muallif., Musavvadai avvalin maqolai «Vazifahoi navbatii Hokimiyati Soveti. Asarhoi, jildi 27; khamon m u a l lif, Vazifahoi navbatii Hokimiyati Soveti, Asarho, jildi 27; Vladimir Ilich Lenin, KPSS o sosialisticheskom sorevnovanii, Moskva, 1973; Radjabov C.A. Shukurov M , Profsoyuzi So-

vetskogo Tadjikistana (Istoricheskiy ocherk), Moskva, 1964; O razvertivanii vsesoyuznogo sosialisticheskogo sorevnovaniya rabotnikov promishlennosti, stroitelstva v transporta za dosrochnoe vipolnenie narodnokhozyaystvennogo plana za 1973 god (v SK KPSS, Sovete Ministrov SSSR, VSSPS i SK VLKSM). 1973, № 1.       M. YOqubov.