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MUOHIDAHOI BAYNALKhALQI

muohidai-baynalkhalkiMUOHIDAHOI BAYNALKhALQI, ba manoi vase hama guna sozishnomahoi baynalkhalqie, ki huquq va ukhdadorii mutaqobilai davlathoi ba onho imzoguzoshta va ba tavri rasmi tasdiq kardaro muqarrar me­kunand. Vale, odatan Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi gufta sozishnomahoi baynalkhalqiero meno- mand, ki munosibati davlathoro dar yagon sohai makhsus (nigared Shartnomai baynalkhalqi) ba tartib meorand.

Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi bisyortarafa beshtar ahamiyat dorand, chunki onho hujjathoi qonunguzorii baynalkhalqiyu huquqi buda, normahoi kharakteri umumidoshtaro dar bar megirand. In guna Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi  ba chand guruh taqsim mesha­vand: 1) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie, ki tartibi huquqii in yo on territoriya yo yagon uhdadorii siyosii ba on aloqamandro muqarrar mekunand. Bori avval in gu­na Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi  ba hujjati khotimavii Kongressi Vena (solhoi 1814—15) dokhil karda shud, ki qarori Oid ba eti- rof va kafolati betarafii doimii Shveysariya»-ro dar bar megirift. 2) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi oid ba huquq dar bahr. Soli 1958 dar Konferensiyai Jeneva oid ba in masala yak silsila Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi  imzo shudand: Oid ba bahri kushod; Do­ir ba bahri territoriyavi va mintaqai ba on payvast; Oid ba shelfi mintaqavi; Doir ba mohidori va hifzi sohilhoi bahri kushod. Ba in guruh muohidahoe niz dokhil meshavand, ki tartibi khuquqii istifodai kanalhoi baynalkhalqi, daryohoi baynalkhalqi, gulutohhoi baynalkhalqi va masalahoi konkretii kishtigardii baqriro dar bar megirand. Muohidaho oid ba hifzi kabelhoi telegrafii zernobi (1884); Oid ba yoriyu najotdihi dar bahr 1910); Oid ba tartibi bandarhoi bahri (1923); Oid ba hifzi hayoti inson dar bahr (1960) va gayra az hamin qabiland. 3) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie, ki tartiboti huquqii fazo va parvozi kishtihoi havoiro muqarrar mekunand. Chunonchi: Oid ba avitsiyai baynalkhalqii grajdani (1944); Oid ba yak khel kardani baze qoidahoe, ki ba borkashoni havoii baynalkhalqi taalluq dorand (1944); Oid ba etirofi baynalkhalqii huquq ba kishtihoi havoi (1948) va gayra 4) Silsilai Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie, ki masalahoi tadqiqi fazoi kayhonro ba tartib meorand.

5)         Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie, ki ba muhofizati huquqi inson, huquqhoi siyosi, iqtisodi va grajdanii aholi ravona shudaand: Muohidai baynalkhalqi dar borai huquqhoi inson; Oid ba vaziyati huquqii firoriyon (1951); Oid ba huquqhoi siyosii zanho (1952); Oid ba roh nadodani huquqpoymolkuni dar sohai maorif (1960); Oid ba barham zadani hamai shaklhoi khuquqpoykolkunii najodi (1965) va gayra.

6)         Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi   doir ba masalahoi muboriza bar ziddi jinoyatkori: Doir ba gulomdori (1926); Oid ba muboriza bar ziddi intishori nashriyahoi por­nografi (1923); Oid ba muboriza bar ziddn sokhtani pulhoi qalbaki (1929); Muohidahoi baynalkhalii  yagona oid ba mukhaddirot (1961) va gayra. 7) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi  doir ba muborizai yakjoyai davlatho ba mu- qobili jinoyathoi ziddninsoni: Oid ba peshgirii jinoyati qatli om va jazo dodan baroi on (1948); Ba etibor nagiriftani guzashtani muhlat baroi jinoyathoi harbi va jinoyathoi ziddiinsoni (1968) va gayra. 8) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqii qonunu qoidahoi jang. 9) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi oid ba maslahoi huquqi diplo­matiyu konsuli: Konvensiyai Vena oid ba munosibathoi konsuli (1963); Konvensiya oid ba suporishhoi makhsus (nigared niz Huquqi konsuli). 10) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi   bakhshida ba vaziyati huquqii tashkilothoi baynalkhalqi, shakhsoni masul va kormandoni onho. 11) Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi   oid ba khalli osoishtai masalahoi bahsnok va munoqishahoi baynalkhalqi. Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie, ki ba sharoiti meh- nat dakhl dorand, onhoro Tashkilogi baynalkhalqii mehnat (TBM) qabul mekunad.

Silsilai makhsusi Muohidahoi baynalkhalqie mavjudand, ki qoidahoi umumii bastan, tagyir dodan va qat kardani amali shartnomavu sozishnomahoi baynalkhalqiro muayyan mekunand.

Dar konferensiyai TDM doir ba huquqi bastani shartnomahoi bay- nalkhalqi (1968 va 1969) bori avval dar borai huquqi shartnomahoi bay- nalkhalqi Muohidahoi baynalkhalqi   qabul shud. Gurukhi alohidai davlatho metavonand Muohidahoi baynalkhalqii regionali qabul kunand.

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