MUNOZIRA

MUNOZIRA, munzaara (arabi— bahs va guftugu bo kase oid ba yagon masala), asari manzumest, ki dar on du predmet, du tarafi muqobil va yo du harif doir ba kashfi haqiqati yagon masala, yo bartarii fazilathoi shakhsii khesh bo hamdigar bahsu munozira mekunand. Dar Munozira tarafho bartarii fazlu kamol va qudratu tavonoii khudro nisbat ba hamdigar bo dalelhoi mantiqiyu sukhanoni pukhta bayon kar­da, dar okhir odatan yake az harifon bar digare golib meoyad, yo in ki Munozirai onho bo sulhu safo anjom meyobad. Dar masalai bayoni munosibati baynihamdigarii tarafhoi muqobil, maglub shudanu golib omadani yake az onho, mavqei shoir, maqsadi u, talqini aqidae, ki vay nazdi khud guzoshtaast, roli halkunanda mebozad. Maqsadi shoir odatan dar khotimai Munozira jambast meshavad. Dar Munozira shoiron aksaran az tamsil va sanati tashkhis istifoda mebarand. Shoironi fors-tojik Munozirahoro beshtar dar shakli qasida, qita va masnavi navishtaand. Munozira az jihati tarikhi paydoish ba davrahoi qadimi adabiyoti khattii khalqhoi eroni taalluq doshta, namunai on mazumai «Darakhti Asuri» meboshad. Dar tarikhi adabiyoti klassikii fors- tojik avvalin shakhse, ki Munozira navishtaast, Asadii Tusi buda, bo unvoni «Zaminu Osmon», «Arabu Ajam», «Gabru Musulmon», «Kamonu Nayza» va «Shabu Ruz» panj Munozira navishtaast. Dar asrhoi 11—12 Unsuri, Muizzi, Anvari va digar niz Munozira («Zogu Boz», «Gulu Sarv», «Kilku Teg va gayra) ejod kardaand. Az asri 12 shoiron Munoziraro dar shakli masnavi menavishtagi shudand. «Munozirai Shamu Parvona»-i Sadi, «Munozirai Parvonayu Bulbul»-i Salmoni Sovaji, «Mojaroi Shabu Ruz»-i Nizorii Qaqisto­ni va dar asri 15 «Munozirai Zaminu Osmon»-i Orifi Khiravi, «Guyu Chavgon»-i Tolibi Jojarmi va gayra az jumlai onhoand. Dar adabiyoti sovetii tojik niz Munozira mamul gardidaast. Macalan Suhayli, Zehni, Dehoti («Lampayu Charogi elektrik») va digar Munozira navishtaand.

Adabiyot:    B ertels E. E., Istoriya persidsko-tadjikskoy literaturi, Moskva , I960; hamon muallif. Pyatoe munozare Asadi Tusskogo, «Uchyonie zapiski Instituta vostokovedeniya Akademii Nauk Soyuza Sovetschkikh  Sosialisticheskikh Respublik», tom 19, 1958.

S. Imronov.