MUMIYOKUNI

MUMIYOKUNI, majmui chorabinihost baroi muddati daroz az nobudshavi emin doshtani murda (mayit). Baroi az pusish va vayronshavi ni- goh doshtan tamomi boftahoi jasadro bo mahlulhoi antiseptiki va konservasiyakunanda tar mekunand. Mumiyokuniro ba maqsadi talimi, ilmi, inchunin baroi nigoh doshtani jasadi ashkhosi barjasta istifo­da mebarand. In kor bo du usul ba jo ovarda meshavad. Yake az onho jasadro baroi muvaqqatan, digare ba­roi duru daroz nigoh doshtan imkoniyat medihad. Dar zamonhoi qa­dim bo yorii moei rastanihoi gunogune, ki doroi khosiyati az pusish nigohdorandaand, ba jo ovarda meshud. Asosguzori Mumiyokuni misriyoni qadim budand, ki muvofiqi odati dini mayitro naguronida, mumiyo mekar- dand. Tarzi aniqi Mumiyokunii misri to zamoni mo omada narasidaast, fa- qat malum ast, ki badi toza kardani uzvhoi daruni va maynai may­it onro tar karda, ba matoi makhsus pechonida, shiresh, sang molida, mekhushkonidaand. In usul rang va hajmi mayitro zud tagyir medod, vale jasad sadho sol nobud nashuda boqi memond. Dar asrhoi miyona Mumiyokuniro tanho bo maqsadi dar dakhma ni­goh doshtan yo ba joi dur burda guronidani mayit istifoda mebur- dand. Baroi Mumiyokuni namaki simob, payvasthoi margimush, namaki ruh, mahluli gliserin, asetati kaliy, spirt va digar moddahoi antiseptikiro ba vositai naychahoi khunguzar ba organizmi mayit mefiristodand. Hangomi tarmimi maqbarai Hazrati Shoh (shahri Uroteppa) yakchand jasadi mumiyoi yoft shud, ki onho az vujud doshgani odati Mumiyokuni dar Osiyoi Miyonai asrimiyonagi shahodat medihand. Dar asri 19 moehoi gunogun istifoda meshudand. Okhiri asri 19 az formalin istifoda meburdagi shudand. Makh- susan usuli N. F. Melnikov-Razvedenkov (1893) diqqati olimonro ba khud jalb namud, ki muvofiqi on boftahoi mayitro bo mahluli for­malin fiksasiya namuda, bo spirti 96°, mahluli gliserin, asetati ka­liy tar karda, jasadro muddati da­roz betagyir nigoh doshtan mumkin ast. Soli 1924 olimoni soveti V. P. Vorobyov va B. I. Zbarskiy usuli navi Mumiyokuniro kor karda baromadand (minbad S. R. Mardashev takmil dod), ki on baroi Mumiyokunii jasadi Vladimir Ilich Leniv va G. Dimitrov bomuvaffaqiyat istifoda shud.