MULTIPLETI

MULTIPLETI(az lotini multip­lex— bisyorkarata), miqdori samthoi immonpaziri spini purrai atom yo molekula dar fazost. Muvofiqi mekhanikai kvanti Multipleti k =• 25 + 1 meboshad. Baroi sistemahoi adadi elektronhoyashon N toq 5—³/a; ⁵/a* …buda, Multipleti chuft (k = 2, 4, 6, …) ast. Baroi onho holathoi dubleti, kvarteti, seksteta va gayra imkonpazirand. Agar N chuft boshad, 5 = 0, 1, 2, … buda, Multipleti toq (kh = 1, 3, 5, …) ast va holathoi singleti, tripleti, kvinteti va gayra joy dorand. Baroi N elektronho Multipleti maksimali (kh = N + 1) ba samti paralleli spinhoi onho muvofiq meoyad. Qimathoi Multipleti baron holathoi kvantii atomho va molekulaho az rui shumorai elektronho dar parda nopurra muayyan karda meshavad, zero dar pardahoi pur spinhoi elektronho hamdigarro muvozana mekunand. Masalan, baroi saviyahoi energiyai metallhoi ishqori, ki 1 elektroni beruna dorand, ba monandi atomi /N, kh = 2 meboshad; baroi saviyahoi energiyai atomhoi murakkab (bo pardahoi purshavandai r-, d-_t va /-) qimati Multipleti to ba kh =11 rasad.