MUKOFOTI NOBELI

MUKOFOTI NOBELI, mukofoti harsolai baynalkhalqi, ki nomi mu- assisi on injeneri khimik, ikhtirokor va sanoatmandi shved Alf­red Bernkhard Nobelro giriftaast. Muvofiqi vasiyati Nobel mablagero, ki badi vafoti u boqi mond va avvalho 31 million kroni shvediro tashkil medod, ba fondi Nobel guzaronidand; mablagi mazkur dar aksiya, obligasiya va zayom guzoshta shud, daromadi solonai onro panj qismati barobar mekunand va dar shakli Mukofoti nobeli ba olimoni sohahoi fizika, khimiya, fiziologiya yo tib, adabiyot, baroi kashfiyot va asarhoi shoista, inchunin ba muborizoni barjastai sulh medihand. Soli 1968 Banki davlatii Shvesiya ba munosibati 300-solagii khud baroi asarhoi sohai ilmhoi iqtisodi mukofoti harsolai khotirai Nobelro tasis kard (dar asosi shartho va ba andozai Mukofoti nobeli doda meshavad).

Mukofoti nobeli az medali tilloi, ki tasviri Nobel, zerkhatti muvofiq dorad va az diplom va cheki mablagi muayyan (az 30 to 70 hazor dollar) iborat ast. Az rui vasiyati Nobel, Mukofoti nobeliro in muassisaho medihand: Akademiyai podshohii fanho dar Stok­golm (doir ba fizika, khimiya, mukofoti khotiravi doir ba iqtisodiyot), Instituti podshohii tibbiyu jarro- hii Karolina dar Stokgolm (doir ba fiziologiya va tib) va Akademi­yai Shvesiya dar Stokgolm (doir ba adabiyot); dar Norvegiya Ko­miteti nobelii parlamenti norveg baron mustahkam namudann sulh Mukofoti nobeli medihad.

Mukofoti nobeli ba nomzadho qati nazar az najod, millat, jins va dinu oin baroi komyobihoi navtarini sohahoi mazkur va asarhoi peshina, ki ahamiyatashon dertar oshkor gashtaast, doda meshavad. Hamai mukofotho, gayr az mukofoti sulh, faqat ba shakhsoni judogona va yak bor do­da meshavad. Odatan Mukofoti nobeliro badi vafot namedihand.

Muhokimai asarho va ovozdihi dar vaziyati makhfii qati surat megirand, ikhtilofot doir ba nomzad dar qarori majlisho qayd na-

meshavad. Dar matbuot faqat qaror va sababi dodani Mukofoti nobeli mukhtasar darj megardad (sababi dodani mukofothoi sulhro nishon namedi- hand). Qarorhoi oid ba dodani mu­kofot tagyir doda yo bekor karda nameshavand.

Marosimi tantananoki supurdani Mukofoti nobeli dar Stokgolm va Oslo dar ruzi vafoti Nobel 10 dekabr barpo me­gardad. Muvofiqi anana ba laure­ata Mukofoti nobeli medali tilloiro podshohi Shvesiya dar Stokgolm doir ba ilmhoi tabiatshinosi va podshohi. Norvegiya dar Oslo doir ba sulh mesuporand. Muvofiqn nizomnoma laureati Mukofoti nobeli odatan 6 moh, dar Stokgolm yo Oslo bo leksiyahoi nobeli baromadho mekunad. Mukofoti nobeli avvalin bor soli 1901 doda shuda bud. Olimoni soveti N. N. Semyonov (oid ba khimiya; 1956), I. M. Frank, I. E. Tamm (oid ba fizika; 1958), L. D. Landau (Oid ba fizika; 1962), N. G. Basov, A. M. Prokhorov (oid ba fi­zika; 1964), P. L. Kapisa (oid ba fizika; 1978) va navisandai soveti M. A. Sholokhov (1965) ba giriftani Mukofoti nobeli musharraf shudaand.

Boyad qayd kard, ki Mukofoti nobeli na hama vaqt ba asarhoi shoista doda mesha­vad. Bazan bo sababhoi siyosiyu goyavi ba asarhoi kamarzish niz Mukofoti nobeli medihand va in sobit mekunad, ki azoyoni komitethoi Mukofoti nobeli garaznokand.