MUIZZI Abuabdullohi Muhammad

MUIZZI Abuabdullohi Mu­hammad ibni Abdumaliki Nishopuri (taqriban 1049. Nishopur —1126/ 27), shoiri fors-tojik. Pisari shoir Abdulmalik Burhoni, ki pesh az vafotash tarbiyai farzandi khudro ba sulton Malikshohi Salchuqi (1055—92) suporidaast. Ayyomi javoni va miyonsolii Muizzi dar darbori in sulton meguzarad, Muizzi dar in davrai hayoti khud ba madhu sitoishi futuhoti Malikshoh, vazironu umaroi vay mashgul gardida ba giriftani unvoni «amirushshuaroi» muvaffaq meshavad. Pas az vafoti Malikshoh hokimiyati saljuqi ba parokandagi duchor meshavad va Muizzi yak zamon be homii mutamade monda, dar shahrhoi Hirot, Nishopur. Isfahon va gayra dar vazyayati baroyash nomusoid umr ba cap mebarad. Muizzi badi ba takht nishastani sulton Sanjar (1118—56) shoiri khosi vay meshavad va dar an- dak muddat maqomi baland paydo mekunad.

Muizzi asosan shoiri qasidasaro bud, vale dar surudani navhoi digari sheri: gazal, qita. musammat, tarkibband, tarjeband va ruboi niz quvvaozmoi kardaast. Ashori Muizzi dar hajmi 18 hazor bayt boqi mondaast, ki onho soli 1939 dar Tehron bo kushishu ehtimomi Aboos Iqbol ba tab rasidaand. Muizzi taqriban hamai qasidahoi khudro ba madhi hukmrononi saljuqi, ba targibi usuli davlatdorii onho, mustahkam namudani iqtidori hukumat ravona kardaast. Bo vujudi in sanati nazmi Muizziro inkor kardan mumkin nest. Dar qismi muqaddimavii yak qator qasidahoyash tasviri tabiat, faslhoi sol, tahniyati jashnu idho, lugzho (ba monandi lugzi qalam, shamsher, asp) mushohida meshavad. Dar muqattaot va ruboiyoti shoir barobari sitoishi shoh baze masalahoi akhloqiyu falsafi niz dida meshavand. Dar gazalhoi Muizzi asosan ishqu oshiji tarannum gardidaast. Muizzi behtarin ananahoi nazmi asri 10 va nimai avvali asri 11 fors- tojikro dar soddabayoni, ravshan ifoda kardani mazmun va ayniyati tasvir bomuvaffaqiyat davom dodaast. Az tarafi digar, dar sherhoi Muizzi bazan ifodahoi pechdarpech, tashbehu istioroti murakkab, iboravu istilohoti ilmivu falsafi, ki beshgar dar nazmi shoironi in davr — Abulfaraji Runi va Masudi Sadi Salmon duchor meoyand, niz mushohida meshavand. Vale chande az sherhoi Muizzi hamono ravon buda, dar ofaridani onho shoir az unsurhoi adabiyoti dahanaki, az zaboni guftugui va maqolu masalhoi khalqi istifoda namudaast va ba in vasila zaboni sherro ganitar gardonidaast. Qasidahoi Muizzi malumoti ziyodi tarikhiro dar bar kardaand va hamchun sarchashmai tarikhi ahamiyat dorand.

Adabiyot: V s r t e l  s E. E., Istoriya per­sidsko-tadjikskoy literaturi, Moskva, 1900; Adabiyoti forsu tojik dar asrkhoi XII— XIV, qismi 1, Dushanbe 1976.

  T. Nemagzoda.