MUKhHAMMADI KhORAZMShOH

MUKhHAMMADI KhORAZMShOH Muhammad ibni Takash (soli tavalludash nomalum — vafotash 1220), shohi Khorazm (1200—1220). Muhammadi Xorazmshoh bo maqsadi mustahkam namudani iqtidor va va­se kardani sarhadi davlati Khorazmshohiyon siyosati padarro davom doda, bar ziddi Qarokidoiyon, Abbosiyon va Gurien jangid. Soli 1207 bo bahonai pakhsh namudani shurishi Malik Sanjar Bukhororo ishgol namud. Shikast dodani Qarokidoiyoya obruyu etibori Muhammadi Khorazmshohro dar tamomi Movarounnahr afzud. Uro dar hujjathoi rasmi «Iskandari duyum» yo «Sulton Sanjar» menomand. Muhammad Xorazmshoh baroi mustahkam kardani mavqei khud dar Movarounnahr amr kard, ki tamomi hokimoni boqimondai qarokhonii viloyathoi ju­dogonai Osiyoi Miyona qatl karda shavand. Muhammadi Xorazmshoh siyosati zabtkoriro dar Sharq davom doda, bo naymanhoi Kuchlukkhon, ki sobik mulki Qarokidoiyonro ba dast darovarda budand, jan­gid. U dar hamon solho Eronu Afgonistonro zabt kard va az khalifa talab namud, ki nomash ba khutba dokhil karda shavad. Hamin tavr, davlati Khorazmshohiyon dar davrai hukmronii Muhammadi Xorazmshoh khele vase gardida, sarhadi on dar Sharq to Haftrud, dar Garb to bahri Kaspiy, dar Shimol to bahri Aral, dar Janub to Iroq rasid. Ammo dar in davlati buzurg yagonagi vujud nadosht va bo zuri quvvai harbi ido­ra karda meshud. Asosi qushunhoi davlatro qabilahoi qipchoqho tashkil mekardand. Torojgarihoi qushunho dar viloyathoi zabtshuda kinayu adovati khalqro bar ziddi hukumati Khorazmshohiyon ziyod mekard. Binobar on vakte ki hujumi mugulho (1219) bo sardorii Chingizkhon sar shud, davlatro hama yakdilona mudofia nakardand va mugulho qushunhoi uro torumor namuda, Movarounnahr va tamomi davlati Khorazmshohiyonro zabt kardand. Muhammadi Xorazmshoh ba Eron gurekhta, dar yake aa jazirahoi janubii bahri Kaspiy vafot kard

Ad.: Istoriya tadjikskogo naroda, t. 2, ki. 1. M., 1964.

L. Jalilov.