MUDOFIA

MUDOFIA, mudofia (ar. — difo kardan, himoya va tarafdori kardan), navi jang, ki bo maqsadi peshgiri kardan yo zada gardonidani hujumi dushman, shikast rasondan va mavqero nigoh doshtan va baroi hujum sharoit ba vujud ovardan ba vuqu meoyad. Aksarai qushun dar sharoiti nomusoid yo nomuvofiqii hujum ba Mudofia meguzarad. Mudofia vobasta ba vazifa va quvvayu vositahoe, ki jalb karda meshavand, doroi ahamiyati strategi, operativi va taktiki meshavad.

Dar davrahoi qadim va asrhoi miyona shahru qalahoro bo maqsadi Muudofia istifoda meburdand. Barobari yaroqi otashfishon giriftani armiyaho sokhtmoni istehkomi maydoni jang cap shud va tarzi Mudofia takmil yoft. Dar davrai muhoribai Sevastopol (solhoi 1854—55) bori avval khatti mudofiai 1000—1500 m mavqei muhofizan artilleriya barpo karda shud. Dar Jangi rusu yapon (1904—05) askaroni rus dar vaqti Mudarrisi Port-Artur khandaqkani, rohi aloqa, mavqei mudofiavii tuloni (to 2—3 km) va hadhoi mudofiashavandai aqibgohiro ba kor burdand. Dar jangi yakumi jahoni qushunho dar yakchand mavqehoi mudofiavi joy (megiriftand va az hamdigar 3—4 km daruntar voqe budand. Dar pasi in mavqeho. ki tiri tupi dushman namerasid, khatti mudofiavii ehtiyoti sokhta meshud. Dar solhoi jangi duyumi jahoni (1939—45) dar sharoiti istifodai artilleriyai durandoz, tank va aviasiya Mudofiaro boz tuloni barpo mekardand. Mas. khatti Mudofiai korpusi Armiyai Surkh to 15 km ba tarafi darun bud va du khatti Mudofia 4—o km, 2—3 qator khandaq dosht. Dar Quvvahoi Musallahi Soveti dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani Mudofia makhsusan dar muhoribai nazdi Moskva (1941— 42) va muhoribai Leningrad (1941— 44), muhoribai Kursk (1943), amaliyoti mudofiavii Balaton (1945) va g. istifoda burda shud.

Dar sharoiti hozira dar Mudofia ba jihati ziddiyadroi, ziddiartilleri, zidditanki va hujumi havoi diqqati kalon medihand, asosi Mudofia istifodai bomahorati mahal, inshooti injeieri, ba kor burdani sad, taqsimoti qushun ba qitaho va aqibgoh ast. Hangomi Mudofia boyad bo tamomi namudi asliha zarba zada shavad, joy ivaz gardad, hujum va zarbai javobi boshad. Sifati manaviyu jangii qushun, matonati on, aloqai doimi va idorakunii muttasili qushun ba muvaffaqiyat meovarad.