MUBOHISA DAR BORAIHOI KASABA

MUBOHISA DAR BORAIHOI KASABA, bahsu munozira oid ba rol va vazifahoi ittifoqhoi kasaba, ki okhiri soli 1920 — avvali 1921 dar vaziyati az jangi grajdani ba sokhtmoni osoishta guzashtani Mamlakati Soveti dar RKP (b) ba vuqu payvasta bud. Vazifahoi navi sokhtmoni soveti dar sharoiti kharbi tagyir dodani siyosati partiya va Davlati Soveti, shaklu usulhoi kori siyosi, tashkili va tarbiyaviro talab mekardand. KM RKP (b) ba guzashtan az siyosati kommunizmi harbi ba siyosati navi iqtisodi tayyori medid, ki on ittifoqi sinfi korgaru dehqonro mustahkam mekard. Dar hamin sharoit roli ittifoqhoi kasaba baland meshud. KM RKP (b) bo maqsadi mustahkam namuda in ittifoqhoi kasaba va behtar gardonidani faoliyati onho az usulhoi harbii kori ittifoqi kasaba dast kashidan va dar tashkilothoi ittifoqhoi kasaba ba demokratiyai ustuvori korgari guzashtanro zarur meshumurd. Azoi KM partiya L. D. Troskiy ba in zid baromad. Vay dar Konferensiyai 5-umi umumirossiyagii ittifoqhoi kasaba va dar tezishoi ba KM RKP (b) (noyabri 1920) peshnihodkardai khud dar ittifoqhoi kasaba jori namudani tartiboti harbi va bo rohi mamuri az bolo to poyon «afshondani» kadrhoi rohbarikunandai ittifoqhoi kasabaro talab mekard. Plenumi KM RKP (b) (8—9 noyabri 1920) tezishoi Troskiyro rad namud va muvofiqi taklifi V. I. Lenin baroi tahiyai chorabinihoe, ki demokratiyai ittifoqhoi kasabaro vusat medoda boshand, komissiya tashkil kard.

L. D. Troskiy intizomi partiyaviro vayron karda, ikhtilofoti oid ba masalai ittifoqhoi kasabaro az doirai KM berun barovarda va diqqati partiyaro az halli vazifahoi muhim ba mubohisai roje ba ittifoqhoi kasaba band kardani shud.

Ikhtilofoti oid ba masalai roli ittifoqhoi kasaba dar asl ikhtilofoti oid ba masalai asoshoi siyosati partiya dar davrai sokhtmoni osoishta, munosibati partiya ba dehqonon va ommai bepartiyavi, masalai tarzu usulhoi ba sokhtmoni sosializm jalb namudani mehnatkashon bud. Binobar in mubohisa nihoyat tezu tund gardid. Trojkichiyon (L. D. Troskiy, N. N. Kroetinskiy va digar) favran davlati gardondani ittifoqhoi kasaba, yane ba ilovai apparati davlati tabdil dodani ittifoqhoi kasabaro talab mekardand. Onho ba joi metodhoi bovarkunoni metodhoi majburkuni va mamuriyatchigii khushkuholiro peshbari mekardand, ki boisi sust shudani polhoi diktaturai proletariat megardid.

Guruhi «oppozisioni korgari» (A. G. Shlyapnikov, S. P. Medvedev, A. M. Kollontay) talab mekard, ki idorakunii khochagii khalq, ba ikhtiyori ittifoqhoi kasaba — ba «sezdi umumirossiyagii istehsolkunandagon» doda shavad. In guruh ittifoqhoi kasabaro ba Davlati Soveti va partiya muqobil meguzosht, rohbarii davlatro ba khojagii khalq inkor mekard.

Guruhi «sentralizmi demokrati» (T. V. Sapronov, N. Osinskiy, M. S. Boguslavskiy, A. S. Bubnov) talab mekard, ki dar partiya ba fraksiyaho va guruhho ozodi doda shavad. In guruh ba yakkasardori va intizomi qati dar korkhonaho muqobil bud. Platformai hamai guruhhoi oppozisioni, qati nazar az farqiyatashon, ziddipartiyavi va ba leninizm begona budand. Aksariyati azoyoni KM RKP (b) bo rohbarii V. I. Lenin bar ziddi guruhu jarayonhoi opportunisti muboriza burdand. Maqolayu baromadhoi V. I. Lenin baroi fosh namudani mohiyati opportunistii guruhi oppozisioni va faoliyati vayronkorivu judoiandozonai onho ahamiyati halkunanda doshtand. V. I. Lenin ahamiyati ittifoqhoi kasabaro hamchun tashkiloti tarbiyavi, hamchun maktabi idorakuni, maktabi khojagidori va maktabi kommunizm nishon dod. Sezdi 10-um i RKP (b) (marti 1921) mubohisai oid ba ittifoqhoi kasabaro jambast namuda, platformai leniniro qabul kard, aqidahoi guruhhoi oppozisioniro mahkum namud, vazifahoi asosii ittifoqhoi kasabaro muayyan kard. Az jihati ideyavi torumor kardani guruhhoi ziddipartiyavi baroi guzashtai ba siyosati navi iqtisodi, baroi mustahkam namudani yagonagii partiya va inkishofi minbadai ittifoqhoi kasabai soveti ahamiyati kalon dosht. Talimoti lenini dar borai roli ittifoqhoi kasaba hamchun maktabi kommunizm holo ham yake az prinsiphoi muhimi siyosati KPSS nisbat ba ittifoqhoi kasaba meboshad.