MOShINI PAKhTAChINI

MOShINI PAKhTAChINI, moshinest baroi gunuchini pakhta. Istehsoli seriyagii Moshini pakhtachini dar SSSR solhoi

pnevmatiki (avvalin moshini pnevmatiki dar SSSR soli 1929 ikhtiro shudaast), mekhaniki, pnevmomekhaniki va elektromekhaniki meshavad.

Siklogrammai barabani kori:

1— mintakai kori 120; 2 — mintaqai pakhtakashoni 60; 3—mintaqae, ki chutkaho az shpindelho pakhtaro mekashand 110°; 4—mintaqai ozodgardii shpindelho 70.

Moshinhoi pnevmatiki pakhtaro bo yorii jarayoni havo (onro nasosi fishordeh hosil mekunad), mekhaniki ba vositai majmui mekhanizmho (shppndel, changak, kardolentho va g.), pnevmomekhaniki bo yorii jarayoni havoyu mekhanizmhoi yorirasoni mekhaniki mechinand. Dar SSSR beshtar Moshini pakhtachini mekhanikii shpindeldor barovarda meshavad.

Skhemai kori moshini 12 KhVYa-1,2: 1″ apparati pakhtachini; 2 — pakhtakashakho; 3 — kamerai havoguzaron, ki pakhtakashakho pakhtaro ba on jo mepartoyand; 4—gulbai havobaro baroi bordoni khurd; 5—gulbai havobaro baroi bordoni kalon; 6—ventilyator; 7 — bordoni khurd; 8—bordoni kalon baroi pakhtai tukhmi.

Qismhoi korii Moshini pakhtachinii mekhanikii shpindeldor az shpindelhoi ustuvona va makhrutshakl yo mehvari dandonnadori prizmashakli chorqirra iborat ast. Shpindelhoi Moshini pakhtachini dar girdi mehvari khud davr zada nisbat ba poyai in holi pakhta joy ivaz mekunad. Moshini pakhtachini vobasta ba jigirii shpindelho gorizontali va vertikali meshavand. Dar SSSR asosan Moshini pakhtachini shpindelhoyashon vertikaliro istohsol mekunand. Hamai moshinhoi pakhtachini ba traktorhoi «Universal», T-28Kh-3, T-28Kh-4, MTZ-50Kh, KhV-5,4 va g. shinonda meshavand. Dar RSS Tojikiston beshtar Moshini pakhtachinii 14KhV-2,4A, KhN-3,6, 12KhVYa-1.2 va KhVN-1,2A-ro istifoda mebarand. Aksariyati in moshinho az rui sokht ba ham monand buda, doroi apparathoi pakhtachini, kabinai ronanda, sistemai havokash, sistemai obshui shpindelho, sistemai gidravliki va harakatguzaronhoi ba ramai moshin vaslshuda meboshand. Moshini pakhtachini dar zaminhoi takhtu hamvori daroziashon az 500 m ziyod nagz kor mekunad. Pesh az chinishi moshinii pakhta 70—100% bargi guzaro merezonand (nig. Bargrezoni). Badi shukuftani 50—60%-i kurak ba pakhtachini cap mekunand (chinishi yakum). Apparathoi hosilgundorii Moshini pakhtachini az baraban iborat buda, har kadome doroi 10—15 shpindelhoyand. Dar RSS Tojikiston asosan baroi jamovarii moshiini pakhtai makhinnakh va tukhmi az Moshini pakhtachinii duqatorai KhVN-1, 2A (nig. rasm) istifoda mebarand.

Moshini pakhtachinii mazkur ba hama ustuvor karda shudaast. Pakhtai chidan Moshini pakhtachini ba naqliyothoi bekanorkashonandai pakhta kholi karda meshavad. Bordoni Moshini pakhtachiniro bo yorii du tajhizoti gidravliki kholi mekunand. Sarpushi bordon darichae dorad, ka agar zarur shavad ba daruni on daromada, tarami pakhtaro zer kardan yo bordonro az iflosiho toza kardan mumkin ast. Dar sarpushi bordon, baroi az yak qism khasu khasrezaho toza kardani pakhtai chidashuda separator niz shinonida shudaast. Apparati pakhtachinii Moshini pakhtachinii KhVN-1,2A az blokhoi shpindelii vertikalii 2-qatorai frontali iborat ast. Har yak apparati pakhtachini 4 (2-to dar tarafi rost va 2-to dar chap) barabani shpindeli, 4 judogaraki chutkador, 1949 (1—2-qatora), 1964 (4-qatora) va 1974 (6-qatora) cap shud. Moshini pakhtachini vobasta ba tarzu kori mekhanizmho du kamerai qabul, reduktor va harakatdehi barabanhoyu judogarakho dorad. Hangomi dar bayni qatorhoi guza harakat kardani Moshini pakhtachini niholrostgarakho shokhhoi khobidaro rost namuda, ba tarqishi korii bayni barabanho ravona mekunand. Davrzanii barabanho ba chor mintaqa taqsim meshavad. Dar mintaqai kori shpindelho bo dandonahoi khud pakhtaro az guza to 03—95% (jufti 1-um

80—85% va jufti 2-yum 10—13%) chida megirand va dar mintaqai duyum onro bo chutkahoi pakhtakash burda merasonad. Dar mintaqai seyum chutkaho pakhtaro az shpindelho judo karda ba kamerai qabul mefiristonand. Mintaqai chorum ozodgardii shpindelho meboshad, ki jami in mintaqahoro siklogrammai barabani kori menomand.

Pakhta az kamerai qabul bo fishori ventilitorho ba bordon rafta merezad (pakhta pesh az ba bordon rekhtan az pakhtatozakunakho guzashta, qisman tona meshavad). Dar RSS Tojikiston beshtar az 30%-i pakhtazor baroi tukhmi kishtshuda, hosili on dasti chida meshavad. Hangomi bo moshin chidani pakhta az tasiri ventilyatorho 1,5—2 va dar kamerai qabul 0,3% punbadonaho shikasta, sifati tukhmi past meshavad. Bo maqsadi bezarar va khushsifat chidani pakhtai tukhmi Instituti mekhaniki va elektrikonii Osiyoi Miyona Moshini pakhtachinii nav 12KhVYa-1,2-ro ikhtiro kard.

Dar moshini nomburda baroi nashikastani chigiti tukhmi sistemai makhsus istifoda shudaast, ki ba vositai on pakhtai chidashuda berun az ventilyatorho ba bordonho dokhil meshavad. Gayp az on kamerai pakhtaqabulkunii on az du qism iborat buda, ba qabati poyon pakhtai tukhmi va ba qabati bolo pakhtai istehsoliro jam mekunad. Sifati pakhtai tukhmii bo Moshinai pakhtachini chidashuda az pakhtai dasti chidashuda farq namekunad. Darozii moshin yakjoya bo traktor 0150 mm, barash 2970 mm va balandiash 3800 mm. Dar chinishi yakum bo surati soate 3,86 km va dar chinishi duyum 5,2 km kor mekunad. Mahsulnokii Moshinai pakhtachini bo suratnoki, pahnoii korkard, foizi pakhtahoi shukufta va g. vobasta buda, bo hisobi miyona chinishi yakum ba 0,46—0,50 va chinishi duyum ba 0,7 km/s barobar ast. Moshinai pakhtachiniro mekhanikronanda idora mekunad.

Ad.: Rohhoi baland bardoshtani mahsulnokii Moshinhoi pakhtachini. D., 1971; Durust istifoda burdani moshinhoi navi pakhtachini, D., 1975; Navesnaya chetirekhryadnaya khlopkouborochnaya mashina KhN-3.6. Rukovodstvo po ekspluatasii. M.. 1972.

A. Sabirov.