MOLIKIYaTI SOSIALISTI

MOLIKIYaTI SOSIALISTI, shakli tarikhan muayyani molikiyati jamiyati, ki asosi iqtisodii sosializmro (nig. niz Kommunizm) tashkil medihad Molikiyati jamiyati dar natijai dar rafti revolyutsiyai sosialisti barham khurdani molikiyati khususii kapitalisti barqaror namudani diktaturai proletariat va umumi kardani asosi vositahoi istehsolot (nig. Millikunoni) ba vujud meoyad. Bar khilofi molikiyati kapitalisti, ki dar dokhili sokhti feodalizm paydo meshavad, molikiyati jamiyatii sosialisti dar zamoni kapitalizm ba vujud omada nametavonad, zero ki ba kommunizm munosibatho va shaklhoi ba kulli navi iqtisodi khos ast. Paydoishi molikiyati jamiyati jarayoni stikhiyavi nabuda, balki amaliyoti boshuurona ast. Sinfi korgar dar natijai revolyutsiyai sosialisti sohibi hokimiyat gardida, vositahoi istehsolotro az sohiboni onho kashida megirad va ba dasti khalq medihad. Iqtisodchiyoni hozirai burjuazi, alalkhusus, ideologhoi islohotchi isbot kardani meshavand, ki guyo molikiyati jamiyati be tabadduloti revolyusionii sokhti burjuazi, be diktaturai proletariat ham paydo shuda, taraqqi karda metavonista boshad. Revizionisthoi rost va islohotchiyon aqida dorand, ki guyo sokhti sosialisti dar dokhili kapitalizm ba vujud meomada boshad va guyo molikiyati davlatii monopolisti nishonai on boshad. Az in jo onho khulosa mebarorand, ki kapitalizm bo rohi tahavvul ba sosializm «merasidaast», on dar sistemai kapitalisti tashakkul meyoftaast va binobar on hojati bo rohi revolyusioni ba molikiyati jamiyati tabdil dodani molikiyati khususii kapitalisti nabudaast. Dar nazariyai burjuazii «kapitalizmi khalqi» dar borai «revolyusiya» nisbat ba molikiyati khususie, ki guyo monopoliyai sinfi kapitaliston nashuda, ba molikiyati khalq tabdil meyoftaast, sukhanronihoi ziyod dida meshavad. Vay shakli aksionerii kapitalro shakli jamiyati meshumorad, ki guyo az on odamro istismor kardani odam barham khurda, tafovuti sinfii bayni kapitaliston va korgaron az miyon merafta boshad Hamai in nazariyaho jarayoni obektivii jamiyati kardani istehsoloti kapitalistiro tahlil namuda, chizi az hama asosi kharakteri molikiyat (yane az oni ki budani vositahoi istehsolot va az oni ki shudani, mahsuli mehnat) hamchunin mavqei onro dar sistemai munosibathoi istehsoli ba etibor na megirand.

Molikiyati jamiyati asosi sistemai sosialistii khojagi buda, sokhti har du fazai kommunizmro muayyan mekunad. Yakjoya kollektivona sohib budan ba vositahoi istehsolot munosibati odamonro niz ba yakdigar digargun karda, manfiathoi jamiyatii ononro, ba vujud meovarad. ononro az har guna zulmi ijtimoi ozod mekunad, boisi yagonagii manfiathoi jamiyati va shakhsii onon, sababgori musobiqa, hamkori va yorii yakdigarii onon dar jarayoni amaliyoti istehsoli megardad. Maqsadi navi istehsolot — qone gardonidani talaboti hamai azoyoni jamiyat ba miyon meoyad (nig. Qonuni asosii iqtisodii sosializm). Molikiyati jamiyati budani vositahoi istehsolot dar rafti taraqqii khud du zina — sosialisti va kommunistiro tay menamoyad. Molikiyati sotsialisti ba darajai pasttari taraqqiyoti olii quvvahoi ictehsolkunandai jamiyat—zinai sosialisti muvofiqat mekunad, binobar on vay nazar ba molikiyati kommunisti nomukammaltar ast. Molikiyati sotsialisti mutobiqan ba rohhoi gunoguni tarikhii tashakkul dar du shakl — umumikhalqi va kooperativi vujud dorad. Ba molikiyati umumikhalqi zamin (dar SSSR va RKhM purra, dar digar mamlakathoi sosialisti qisman), sarvathoi zerizamini, ob, besha, zavoddho, fabrikkaho, shakhtaho, naqliyotu bankho, vositahoi aloqa, korkhonahoi davlatii khojagii qishloq., fondhoi davlatii manzil va g. dokhiland. Dar davrai sosializm molikiyati umumikhalqi ba khud shakli molikiyati davlatiro megirad. Davlati sosialisti ba hayoti iqtisodii jamiyat, amaliyot, tanzim va takmili istehsoloti sosialisti rohbari karda, durust istifoda namudani majmui mahsuloti jamiyatro baroi manfiati umum tamin va munosibati kommunistiro ba mehnat tarbiya menamoyad. Shakli kooperativii Molikiyati sotsialisti dar natijai taraqqii hamai shaklhoi kooperasiya ba vujud meoyad. Kooperativho hamchun molikoni kollektivho ba vositavu mahsuloti istehsolot mustaqilona sohibi mekunand va az onho istifoda mebarand. Shaklhoi umumikhalqi va kooperativii Molikiyati sotsialisti mohiyatan yakkhela boshand ham zohiran az yakdigar farq mekunand. Shakli asosii molikiyat dar davrai sosializm molikiyati umumikhalqi meboshad. Mas., dar SSSR vazni qiyosii on qarib 90% fondhoi jamiyatii istehsolii mamlakatro tashkil medihad (miyonahoi solhoi 70). Molikiyati sotsialisti dar SSSR dar natijai Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr ba vujud omad, ki vay sistemai kapitalistii khojagi, molikiyati khususi budani olot va vositahoi istehsolot, inchunin istismori odam az tarafi odamro barham dod. Molikiyati sotsialisti dar SSSR shakli komilan hukmfarmoi molikiyat gardid. Dar jamiyati sosialisti, inchunin molikiyati tashkilothoi jamiyati, partiyavi, ittifoqhoi kasaba, tashkilothoi javonon, jamiyathoi spor-7,1 va g. vujud dorad. Onho bo istehsolot bevosita aloqa mand nabuda faqat dar doirai taqsimot va istemoloti nemathoi moddi amal mekunand.

 Marks K., Engels F.. Manifesti Partiyai Kommunisti. D.. 1968;

RMarks. Tanqidi programmai Gota,

D, 1957; Lenin V. I., Khatari tahluqa va chorahoi ieshgiri kardani on, As., Ch 25; hamon muall., Davlat ba revolyusiya, bobi 5, hamon jo; hamon muall., Vazifahoi navbatii hokimiyati soveti, hamon jo; Dar borai kooperasiya, hamon jo; Problemi sosialisticheskoy sobstvennosti. M., 1973.