MOHIHO

MOHIHO, yak guruhi hayvonhoi muhradori obiro guyand, ki harorati badanashon tagyir yofta meistad. Ba 2 sinf judo meshavand: girddahonho va mohihoi asli.

Mohihoi asli (Pisces) 7 zersinfro dar bar megirand: akantodho, artrodirho, Mohihoi boldor (Mohihoi qadimai murdarafta), lavhagalsamagiho, capbutunho, dukhelnafaskashandaho, purradahonho (baze namudhoyashon murdaraftaand, namudhoi digarashon hanuz ham hastand). Umuman qarib 25 hazor namudi Mohiho malumand, ki az onho holo qarib 20 hazor namudashon zindagi mekunand. Dar hududi SSSR qarib 1,4 hazor va dar obanboru daryohoi Tojikiston 49 namudi Mohiho maskun shudaand, ki ba 12 oila mansuband. Dar havzai Sirdaryo 33, dar havzahoi daryohoi Vakhsh 27, Kofarnihon 26, Panj 25 va Zarafshon 14 namudashon zindagi mekunad.

Mohiho skeleti ustukhoni yo tagoyaki, galsama, bolhoi shinovarii takhtapushti, anali va dumi (dar baze Mohiho bolhoi shinovarii juft ba uzvi ba predmethoi gunogun chaspanda tabdil yoftaand) dorand. Badani Mohiho tasmashakl, mormonand, lunda, suzanshakl, lavhashakl buda, bo pulakcha (baze namudashon pulakcha nadorand, mas., laqqamohi) pushida shudaast. Dar aksari Mohiho hujayrahoi pusti yo gadudii luobjudokunanda khele inkishof yoftaand. Rangi Mohiho gunogun buda, beshtar ba muhiti atrof hamrang meshavad. Dar Mohiho uzvhoi hissiyot, lomisa, shunavoi, bosira, inchunin darki junbishi ob khele inkishof yoftaand. Pufaki shinovarii Mohiho chun uzvi gidrostatiki khizmat mekunad (dar baze Mohiho vay vazifai nafaskashi, rezonator va g-ro niz ijro mekunad). Andozai Mohiho khele gunogunand. Mohii az hama khurd Pandaka pygmaea (daroziash qarib 1 sm) va az hama kalon — nahangi kitshakl (Rhincodon ,tyrus; daroziash to 15 m) meboshad. Aksari Mohiho tukhm meguzorand; baze Mohiho zindazo (mas., nahang, gudmohihoi dandondor Da g.) meboshand. Bordorshavi odatan dar ob ba vujud meoyad. Mohiho hayvoni judojinsa buda, faqat baze namudashon (mas., khormohii sangi) khunsoyand. Baze Mohiho dar soli avvali s-yot, khelhoi digarashon boshad, dar sinni 12—20 ba voya merasaid. Rizoi Mohiho plankton, soddatarinho, kharchangshaklho va g. meboshand. Dar bayni Mohiho Mohihoi darranda, parazit va rastanikhur niz duchor meshavand.

Takhmin mekunand, ki Mohihoi qadimai murdarafta dar davrai silur dar obhoi shirin paydo shudaand. Az davrai devon cap karda ba bahr guzashtaand va dar davrai taboshir az onho aksariyati Mohihoi hozira paydo shudaand.

Ahamiyati Mohiho baso buzurg ast. Gusht va tukhmi beshtari Mohiho chun mahsuloti khuroki istifoda meshavad; ravgani jigar va digar uzvhoi dokhilii Mohiho (mas., ravganmohi) az vitamin boy ast. Binobar in onro baroi muolija istifoda mebarand. Mohiho obanborhoro az kirminai magasho (pahnkunandagoni varana) va rastaniho toza mekunand. Mohihoi maydai zeboro dar akvariumho baroi oroish parvarish mekunand. Ilmi mohishinosi ikhtiologiya nom dorad.

Tasvir dar sah- 512—513.

Ad.: Nikolskiy G. V., Ribi Tadjikistana. M.— L, 1938; namoy muall., Ekologiya rib. M., 1974; Maksunov V. A., Promislovie ribi Tadjikistana, D., 1968; Abdusalyamov I. A., Grishenko B. V. va dig.. Redkie i ischezayushie jivotnie Tadjikistana.

E. V. Grigsenko.