MODDAHOI TARKANDA

MODDAHOI TARKANDA, payvasthoi khimiyavi yo omekhtai moddahoero guyand, ki qobiland tez ba reaksiyahoi khimiyavi dokhil shuda, garmii ziyod va gaz khorij kunand. In reaksiyaho dar in yo on nuqta az garmi, zarba, soish, tarkishi digar moddahoi tarkanda va g. ba vujud meoyand. Surati suzishi Moddahoi tarkanda gunogun buda, az yakchand hissai mm/son to dahho m/son, surati detonasiya boshad, ziyoda az 9 km/sov meshavad. Moddahoi tarkanda sakht, moe, gazi va inchunin omekhta shuda metavovand. Manbai asosii energiyai tarkish oksidshavi ast. Oksidkunanda khudi oksigeni tarkibi Moddahoi tarkanda buda, be havo ba amal omadani tarkishro tamin menamoyad. Baze moddahoi beoksigen (azidho, asetilen, asetilenidho, diazopayvastho, gid­razin, khlorid va iodidi nitrogen, omekhtai moddahoi suzanda bo galogenho va g.) niz tarkish ba amal ovarda metavonand. Lekin in moddaho ba sababi zahrnoki, noustuvori, arzishi balandashon chun Moddahoi tarkanda isti­foda nameshavand. Az moddahoi sershumore, ki metavonand tarkish ba vujud orand, 20—30 khelashon chun Moddahoi tarkanda istifoda meshavandu bas. Muhimtarini onho nitropayvastho (tri­nitrotoluol, tetril, geksogen, oktogen, nitrogliserin, tetranitropentazritrit — TEN, nitrosellyuloza, nitrometan va g.) va namakhoi kislotai nitrat (khususan nitrati ammoniy) meboshand. Odatan in moddahoro dar holati omekhta (mas., omekh­tai oktogen, geksogen va TEN bo tro­til, omekhtai nitrogliserin bo vitroglikol) istifoda mebarand.

Moddahoi tarkanda dar khojagii khalq, tekhnikai harbi, tadqiqoti ilmi (mas., sokhtani rohho, hosil kardani harorat va fishori baland) va g. farovon isti­foda meshavand.

Ad.: Gorst A. G., Porokha i vzriv­chatie veshestva, M., 1972.