MIZOJ

MIZOJ (ar. L — sirisht, nihod, tabiat, khulq) — khususiyati botinii tabiii odam, muvofiqi nazariyai tibbi qadim va tibbi khalqii yak qator mamlakathoi Sharq sirisht va tabiati inson ast, kayfiyatest, ki az omezishi chor unsur (yo anosiri arbaa): otash, bod, khok va ob ba ham merasad. Mizoj dar asosi irtibot va aloqamandii chor unsur, ki nom burda shudand, 4 khilt (moddahoi asosii moei dokhili badan — khun, balgam, safro va savdo) va 4 khususiya­ti iqlimi — harorat (garmi), burudat (khunuki), rutubat (nami) va yubusat (khushki) kashf va muqarrar karda shudaast. Onho ba tabiati 4 fasli sol (bahor, tobiston, tiramoh va zimiston) va 4 uzvi asosii badan (dil, mayna, silura va jigar) nisbat doda shudaand (nig. rasmi 1). Nazariyai Mizoj az qadimtarin va mashhurtarin nazariyahoi ilmi tib meboshad. Ba aqidai bisyore az ulamoi tib chor unsur, ki onhoro arqon yo asli hamai jismho niz menomand, basit (gayri murakkab) budaand, yane bo gayri zoti khud tarkib nayoftaand va hangome, ki arkon bisyor reza-reza meshavand, azoi onho bo ham omekhta gardida, ba hadde felu afol menamoyand, ki surati vahdati kayfiyati digare, surati vahdoni khosil mekunand, ki on Mizoj ast. Sababi paydoishi bemorikho, tamomi khususiyathoi fiziologii badani inson (az kudaki navzod to kuhansolon), norasoiho va digargunihoi iqlimiyu jugrofi dar asnoi bemori, tabiati khurok, nushokiho, doruho va g. hama vobasta ba Mizoj donista meshud. Ba komi Arastu, Buqrot va Jolinus akhloti jahorgona (chor khilt), yane khun, balgam, safro va savdo, har kadom dar badani in­son az unsurhoi muhimi beruna (az 4 unsur) ba vujud meoyand. Ibni Si­no in nazariyaro rad namuda, isbot mekunad, ki akhloti chahorgona dar dokhili uzvhoi khudi badan hosil me­shavand. Akhloti chahorgona dar yak

rang, dar yak holat va mizoj nameistand, balki hamesha dar holati tagyir va harakat meboshand va manbai quvvahoi asosii organizm hayvoni, nafsoni, his, harakat va tafakkur) ba shumor meravand. Tavsifi in akhlot, tabiati onho, salohiyat va foidai onho dar badan dar jadval doda shudaand ( nig. Jadval).

Fiziologi rus I. P. Pavlov nakhustin bor khelhoi mizoji odamonro az rui navhoi sistemai asab judo karda, 4 guruhi onro — sangvini (damavi), kholeri (savdoni), melankholi (safroi) va flegmati (balgami) muqarrar va az jihati ilmi asosnok namud, ki in guruhho ba nazariyan Mizoj muvofiqat mekunand va har yake az onho, chunon ki dar jadval dida meshavad, ba afzaliyati in yo on khilt dar badan aloqamand ast.

Mizoji inson ba chigunagii omezishi chor unsur va 4 khosiyati onho vobastaast. Az in jikhat Mizoj ba du nav taqsim meshavad: Mizoji mutadil va Mizoji gayrimutadil. Ba iborai tibbi guem, «chun ajzoi arkon (chor unsur) mumossi yakdigar shavad, kay­fiyati mutazodai baze dar baze amal kunad va agar mizoj bar manhaji vasat (ba yakdigar maylnakunanda) dar miyoni kayfiyoti mutazoda voqe shavad, chunin mizojro mutadili haqiqi khonand. Chunin mizoj vujud nadorad, onro faqat ba tariqi faraz tavon angosht». Yane Mizoji mutadil (Mizoji odami javonu solim, ki az har yak khat — az jihati quvva, his, tafakkur, zakovat va g. komil boshad) dar tabiat vujud nadorad yo kam vomekhurad. Ammo Mizoje, ki dar miyoni kay­fiyati mutazoda moili yakdigar bo­shad, yane Mizoji gayrimutadil, iborat az 8 qism ast: 1) faqat moil ba harorat (garm); 2) faqat moil ba burudat (khunuk); 3) faqat moil ba rutubat (tar); 4) faqat moil ba yubusat (khushk); 5) moil ba harorat va yubusat (Mizoji otash); 6) moil ba harorat va rutubat (Mizoji obu havo); 7) moil ba burudat va yubusat (Mizoji khok) va 8) moil ba burudat va rutubat (Mizoji ob).

Mizoji gayrimutadil 4 daraja doshta, har kadome ba 3 poya taqsim meshavad (nig. rasmi 2). Hamai jismho, mineralho, khurokvori, nabotot, doruho, az jumla uzvhoi hayvonot, az rui rang, buy, tam va tasiri khud ba organizm muvofiqi hamin darajaho va poyakho tasnif karda shu­daand 4 darajai Mizojro az rui tasiri doru ba organizm muayyan mekardand, ki meyori on taqriban chunin bud (ba iborai tibbi): 1) agar miqdori kami on ba badani addos (javon va solim) kayfiyate ziyodu golib nanamoyad, miqdori bisyor va takrori istemoli on tagyiri kame namoyad, ammo noqisu mukhtal (vayron) nasozad, darajai avvali guyand; 2) agar miqdori kami on kayfiyati golib va zoid namoyad, ammo ziyodatii miqdor va takrori istemoli on ba haddi zarar va fasod narasad, darajai soniya nomand;

o) agar ziyodatii miqdor va kasrati istemoli on ba zararu fasod va

garm boshand, ba on doru to darajai muayyai giyoh yo khurokhoi tabiatan khunuk ilova karda meshud va g. Mu­vofiqi nazariyai tibbi qadim Mizoji odamon ba jins, sinnu sol, iqlim vobastaast. Dar «Al-qonun» gufta meshavad, ki Mizoji kudakon va navrason nazar ba kalonsolon garmtar va namnoktar, Mizoji kuhansolon sardu khushk, Mizoji zanon nazar ba Mizoji mardon khunuktar va namnoktar, Mizoji sokinoni mamlakathoi shimol nazar ba Mizoji shakhsone, ki dar janub istiqomat mekunand, namnoktar ast. Ba har uzvi dokhilii badan Mizoji makhsuse niz khos meboshad. Ba qavli Ibni Sino tartib va nisbati uzvhoi garmi badan chunin ast: garmii Mizoji ruh ziyodtar ast (>) az dil > khun > jigar > shush > mushakho > silura, gurda va g; uzvhoi Mizoji khunuk: balgam khunuktar (>) az charbu > muy > ustukhon > tagoyak > paydo > pardaho > asabho > harom mgz > maynai cap > pust va g; uzvhoi tar: rutubati balgam ziyodtar ast (>) az khun > ravgan > maynai cap, harommagz > piston > tukhmdon > shush > jigar > silura > gurda > mushakho > pust; uzvhoi Mizoji khushk: khushkii muydo ziyodtar (>) az ustu­khon > tagoyak > payho > pardaho > ragho > asabhoi harakat > dil > asabhoi hissiyot > pust. Agziya va adviya (khurokvoriho va doruho) ba chunin guruhho taqsim meshavand:

giaoi mutlaq — khurokvorihoe, ki faqat khususiyati gizoi doshta, Mizoji odamro tagyir namedihand;

2)gizoi mutlaq — moddahoe, ki khosiyati gizoi nadorand, vale metavonand Mizoji odamro digar kunand;

3)gizoi davoi — moddahoe, ki khosiyati gizoii onho nazar ba ta­siri davoii onho ziyodtar yo qavi­tar ast (bodiring, kadu, kharbuza, angur, shalgam, sabzi, mosh, lubiyo va g.); 4) davohoi gizoi — modda­hoe, ki tasiri davoii onho nisbat ba khususiyati gizoiashon ziyodtar ast (nano, sir, kosni, tut, olu va g); 5) moddai zulkhosiyatayn — dar barobari tasir ba Mizoj boz ta­siri makhsus ham dorand. Mas., zahrho, ki baraksi faoliyati organizm tasir karda tamomi uzvho, quvvaho va garmii tabiii badanro kharob na­muda, boisi dardu mashaqqat va hatto holati margovar megardand; podzahrho va taryokho, ki bo tasiri makhsusi khud quvvaho, garmi va tanzimi badanro barqaror, tasiri zahrhoro bartaraf va organizmro solimu mustahkam menamoyand. Ba nazariyai Mizoj, bo vujudi norasoihoi ilmii on, zotan siratu surati materialisti khos bud. Besabab nest, ki in nazariya dar tib dar muddati 2,5 haz. sol maqomi buzurg dosht.

Ad.: Abuali Ibni Sina. Ka­non vrachebnoy nauki. Kn. 1. Tashkent, 1954; Kapranov V. A.. Hoshimov R., Hikmati asarho. D., 1975.

Yu. N. Nuraliev.