MIRZOChUL

MIRZOChUL, dashti Mirzo, dashti hamvorest dar Osiyoi Miyona, dar terr. Viloyathoi Sirdaryoi RSS Uzbekiston, Chimkenti RSS Qazoqiston va payoni Zafarobodi viloyati Leninobodi RSS Tojikiston. Masohatash 10 hazor km2, balandiash az sohili b. 230—385 m. Mirzochul dar Sh. to d. Sir, dar to hamvorihoi nazdikuhii qatorkuhhoi Turkistonu Nurato kashol yoftaast; dar nazdi d. Sir bo zinahoi balandiashon 6—20 m. intiho meyobad. Dar Shim. va Shim. g. dashti Mirzochul to biyoboni Qizilqum tul mekashad. Mirzochulro az Qizilqum pastii Arnasoy judo mekunad. Mirzochul dar se sufai qadimii d. Sir joy giriftaast va rui onhoro jinshoi lyossmonand, qismi janubii Mirzochulro boshad, tahnishasthoi prolyuviali (selovard) pushidaand.

Sathi Mirzochul hamvor buda, ba sui Shimol va Shimolu Garb tadrijan past shuda meravad. Qismi janubiash jaridor. Dar vodii d. Sir osori manrohoi khushkshuda va teppaho boqi mondaand. Mirzochulro az Janubu Shimol. ba Shimolu Garb yakchand pastihoi tuloni (Sardoba, Qaroqaroy, Shuruzak), ki jarayongohhoi qadimii d. Sir meboshand, burida meguzarand.

Iqlimash nihoyat kontinenti, tobistonash garmi khushk, zimistonash sardi kamborish. Harorati miyonai iyul 27,9° S, yanvar—2,1 S. Miqdori borishoti solona 204—428 mm. Obi daryoho (Sangzor, Zomin, Khonamushkent, Peshgor, Rabot va g.), ki az qatorakuhi Turkiston va k. Molguzar jori meshavand, badi guzashtan az kuh purra baroi obyorii) zaminho sarf meshavand. Obhoi zerizamini nachandon chuqur joygirand. Dar hamvorihoi prolyuviali khoki khokistarii muqarrari, dar qismi markazi va nazdikuhi khoki khokistarrangi ravshan, dar pastiho shurkhok duchor meoyad. Nabototi qismi bekorkhobidaash khususiyati biyoboni doshta, asosan az efomerho iborat ast. Bahoron beshahoi biyoboni, jorubak, jo-joyashon, shura, shibog, yulgan, bollich meruyand. Az hayvonot mush, mor, bazan khargush, ruboh va g. vomekhurand.

Az khud namudani Mirzochul okhirhoi asri 10 ogoz yoft. Soli 1805 ba masofai 84 km kanale kofta shud, ki on 7600 ga zaminro obyori mekard. Soli 1013 kanali Knyazariq holo ba nomi S. M. Ki­rov) ba istifoda doda shud. Soli 1014 injeneri rus G. K. Rizenkampf skhemai asosii obyori namudani Mirzochulro murattab sokht, ki muvofiqi on 540 hazor ga zamin az khud karda meshud, vale in naqsha dar davrai Ros­siyai podshohi amali nagardid.

Mirzochul asosan badi Revolbtsiyai Oktyabr az khud karda shud. 17 may 1918 SKKh dar Turkiston tashkil namudani korhoi obyori dekret qabul kard, ki muvofiqi on meboist 500 hazor desyatina zamini Mirzochul aa khud karda meshud. Solhoi 1922—24 zaminhoi nav az khud karda shudand. Soli 1920 V. I. Lenin yak guruh mutakhassisonro baroi az khud namudani zaminhoi laotashva safarbar namud va onho tobistoni hamon sol ba Mirzochul omadand. Masohati zaminhoi obyorishavandai Mirzochul agar soli 1921 20 hazor ga boshad, pas 1924 ba 50 hazor ga, 1928 ba 67 hazor ga rasid. Solhoi 1939—40 muvofiqi qarori makhsusi hukumat 60 hazor ga shurzamin va botloqzor az khud karda shu­da, soli 1941 miqdori on ba 90 hazor ga rasid. Badi sokhta shudani gidrou­zeli Farhod (1948) va obanbori Qayroqqum (1965) navi obyorii Mirzochul beshtar gardid. Soli 1956 maydoni obyo­rii Mirzochul ba 205,5 hazor ga rasid. Tashkiloti «Glavgolodstepstroy» tasis yoft. Dar Mirzochul holo korhoi ziyodi meliorativiyu irrigasioni burda me­shavad. Muvofiqi loihai asosi kanali ba nomi S. M. Kirov darozu vasetar karda, Kanali Markazi va Kanali Janubi Mirzochul, inchunin yak qator kollektorho ba kor andokhta shudand. Bo maqsadi vusat doda­ni korhoi azkhudkuni va obyorii za­minhoi nav az pastii Arnasoy hamchun obanbori suni (holo Haydarkul) khele samarabakhsh istifoda mebarand. Baroi shustani namaki zaminho va past gardonidani sathi obi zerizamini tadbirhoi ziyode andeshida meshavand. Dar in jo du stansiyai ilmii tajribavii SoyuzNIKhI kor mebarad. Holo beshtar az 500 hazor ga zamini labtashnai Mirzochul az khud karda shudaast, ki az on 300 hazor ga ba RSS Uzbekiston, 160 hazor ga ba RSS hazor va besh­tar az 40 hazor ga ba RSS Tojikiston rost meoyad.

18 avgusti 1958 bo Ukazi Prezidiumi Soveti Olii RSS Uzbekiston 50 hazor ga zamini qismii janubu sharqii Mirzochul ba RSS Tojikiston doda shud va dar in jo payoni Zafarobod tasis yoft.

Relefi qismi ba Tojikiston gu­zashtai Mirzochul hamvor buda, on dar sufai seyumi d. Sir, dar balandii 250—300 m voqe gashtaast, ki in nuqtai pasttarini respublika hisob meyobad. On yake az mahalhoi sershamoli Osiyoi Miyona ast. Shamol asosan az Janubu Sharqi va Janubu Garb mevazad. Dar in 40 5 sovkhozi pakhtakor va 1 sovkhozi jangalparvari barpo shud. Sohahoi asosii in khojagiho pakhtakori, chorvodori, ziroatkori va bogu tokdorist. Zaminho ba vositai nasosho az kanalhoi «Tojikaston-1» va «Tojikiston-2» obyori meshavand.

Dar Mirzochul shahrhoi Guliston, Yangier, chandin mahalhoi kaloni aholinishin (RSS Uzbekiston) va posyolkahoi Za­farobod, Jomi, Mehnatobod, Pakhtakor (RSS Tojikiston.) bunyod yoftaand.

Ad.: Gafurov V. P., Voprosi oro­sheniya selinnikh zemel Golodnoy ste­pi, Tashkent, 1968; Abdunabiev A. G., Mirzochulning buguni, ertasi, Toshkent, 1964; Petrov M. p., pusti­ni SSSR i ikh osvoenie, M.— L , 196’»; Osvoenie Golodnoy steli. Sb. st., M., 1963; Abdunabiev A. G., Mirzochulii uelashtirish tarikhidan, Toshkent, 1959; Skvorsov Yu. A., Babush­kin L. N., golodnaya step, Fiziko-geograficheskiy ocherk, Tashkent, 1957.