MIRZO MALKUMKhON

MIRZO MALKUMKhON (takhallusash Nozimuddavla; 1833, Isfahon—1908, Lozanna, Shveysariya), maorifparvar, publisist va dramaturgi eroni. Az oilai ashrof. Dar Parij tahsil kardaast. Mutarjimi shakhsii shoh va mushoviri sadri azam (sarvazir) bud. Mirzo Malkumkhon dar Tehron «Faromushkhona» nom mahfile tashkil namud, ki dar on yak guruh ravshanfikron gird omada budand. Maqsadu maromi asosii mahfili u umuman, islohi bashariyat va khususan, islohi millati eroni bud. Soli 1861 bo amri Nosiruddinshoh mahfil parokanda va Mirzo Malkumkhon az Tehron badarga gardid. Chand goh khodimi saforatkhonai Eron dar Turkiya, badho safiri Eron dar Misr, Angliya (1872) va Italiya (1899) bud. Mirzo Malkumkhon soli 1890 dar London ruznomai forsii «Qonun»-ro nashr namud, ki dar tashakkuli nasri forsi va afkori peshqadami khalqii Eron roli kalon bozid. Mirzo Malkumkhon dar ruznoma monarkhiyai konstitusioniro tablig menamud, tabadduloti iqtisodi va madaniro talab mekard, bar ziddi jaholatu nodoni muboriza meburd. Azbaski dar «Qonun» aqoidi peshqadami ijtimoi targib meshud, dar davrai inqilobi Mashruta (1906— 11) 41 shumorai on takroran ba tab rasid. Mirzo Malkumkhon muallifi yak silsila risolavu asarhoi siyosi, adabi va publisisti meboshad, ki dar onho sokhti ijtimoy va davlatii Eroni asri 19 tanqid shudaast. Mirzo Malkumkhon yake az avvalin shakhsone bud, ki baroi tagyiri alifboi forsi kushish karda, dar in jabha bo maorvfparvari ozarboyjoni Mirzo Fathali Okhundo mukotiba dosht. Inchunin dar zeri tasiri M. F. Okhundov se drama: «Sarguzashti Ashrafkhon», «Tarifsi hukumati Zamonkhon dar Bochnurd» va «Hikoyati Karbalo raftani Shohqulimirzoro navisht. Dar in asarho asosan jaholatu nodoni, rishvakhurivu torochgarii namoyandagoni hukumati Eroni zamoni muallif tanqid shudaast.

Ad.: Bertels B. d., Ocherk istorii persidskoy literaturi, L, 1928;

Korogli X., Sovremennaya persidskaya literatura, M., 1966.

O. Khujamurodov.