MINTAQAHOI MUTADIL

MINTAQAHOI MUTADIL, du mintaqai geografii Zaminro guyand, ki dar Nimkurahoi shimoli (taqriban dar bayni 40° va 65° a. sh.) va janu­bi (dar bayni 42° va 58° a. Ch.) voqe gardidaand (nig. kharitai Mintaqaho va zonahoi geografii Zamin, % 2, sah. 448—449). Qarib  hissai masohati Zaminro faro giriftaand. Dar Nimkurai shimoli 55% masohati Mintaqahoi mutadilro khushki va dar Nimkurai janubi 98% onhoro uqyonus tashkil medihad. Khususiyati asosii Mintaqahoi mutadil dar in ast, ki vazi obu havo va rejimi harorati in mintaqaho dar faslhoi muayyani sol tagyir meyobad va in boisi hayoti mavsimii nabotot va digar prosesshoi biokhimiyavi, geomorfologi va gidrologiyu iqlimi megardad. Balansi radiasionii solona dar khushkihoi Nimkurai shimoli 83,7—167,5 k^/m², janubi 125,6—167,5 kS/m*, dar uqyonusho muvofiqan 83,7—251,2 kCh/m^a va 125,6-251,2 kCh/m^a. Harorarti miyonai mohhoi khunuktarini khushki dar Nimkurai shimoli az 6 to — 50° S, janubi az 2 to 8° S, dar uqyonusho da 10 to —8R S va az 2 to 10° S; harorati mohhoi garmtarini khushki dar Nimkurai shimoli az 10 to 2841, janubi az 8 to 20° S; dar uqyonusho muvofiqan az 8 to 20° S va az 8 to 16* S. Borishoti solona dar qismi ziyodi Mintaqahoi mutadil az 500 to 800 mm, dar kanori kontinentho to 1000—2000 mm, dar nohiyahoi janubi dokhilikontinenti to 100—200 mm kam meshavad. Dar in jo kulho nisbat ba digar min­taqaho beshtarand.

Dar qismi ziyodi Mintaqahoi mutadil khoki khokistarrangu burtobi beshagi va kamu besh sisyohkhoku jigarrang ba na­var merasad. Nabototi Mintaqahoi mutadil: tayga (beshtar botloqi va beshahoi omekhtai suzanbargu pahnbarg). Olami hayvonot — asosan hayvonhoi be­shagi.

Qismi khushkii Mintaqahoi mutadil ba se sektor judo meshavad: garbii nazdiuqyonusi, dokhil imateriki va sharqii nazdiuqyonusi. Iqlimi sektori garbii nazdiuqyonusi muloimi sernam. Barfho der namekhoband. Daryohoyash serob. Beshahoi darakhtoni suzanbarg va pahnbarg mavjudand. Khokash bur va khokistarrangi beshagi. Iqlimi sektori dokhili materikii Nimkurai shi­moli—kontinenti, zimiston khunuki serbarf (makhsusan dar Shimol), to­biston garm. Zaminash yakhbasta. Dar in sektor zonai beshahoi mintaqai mutadil, zonai beshadashti muta­dil, zonai dashthoi mintaqai mu­tadil, zonai nimbiyoboni mutadil va zonai biyoboni mintaqai muta­dil pai ham joygir shudaand. Ba sektori sharqii nazdiuqyonusi landshafta zonai besha va iqlimi mussonii sikloni khos ast. Dar hamvori va pastkuhho beshahoi suzanbarg, omekhta (dar j) va pahn­barg vomekhurand. Khokash khokistarrangu bur. Dar balandkuhho landshafti beshatundra pahn gashtaast. Qismi ziyodi Mintaqahoi mutadil, makhsusan sekto­ri nazdiatlantikii Evropa va Ame­rikai Shimoli, inchunin nohiyahoi dashtu beshadashti dokhilnkontinenti az khud karda shudaand. Olami hayvonoti uqyonushoi Mintaqahoi mutadil boy ast. Az % hissai mohidorii bahrii jahon (shurmohi, ravganmohi, paltus, suframohi, sayda, sardina, skumb­riya) ba Mintaqahoi mutadil rost meoyad.