MILTIQ

MILTIQ aslihai otashfishonest, ki dar shikor va kori harbi istifoda meshavad. Dar asri 12 arabho ikhtiro kardaand. Dar avval Miltiq az milan ba dastai chubi shinondashudae iborat bud. Miltiqhoi qadimaro bo pilta otash medodand (az in ru, onhoro khalq Miltiqhoi piltagi menomnd). Asri 14 dar Evropa Miltiqhoi sufta-mila ba vujud omadand (vaznashon to 70 kg). Dar asri 16 dar Ispaniya Miltiqhoi mukammaltar — mushketho paydo shudand (vaznashon 8—10 kg). Bo mushket az masofai 200 qadam ba nishon rasidan mumkin bud. Dar a-hoi 17—18 Miltiqhoi rahpechmila sokhta shudand, ki dar asri 19 joi Miltiqhoi suftamilaro purra giriftand. (Miltiqhoi suftamila faqat chun Miltiqhoi shikori boqi mondand). Miltiqhoi rakhpechmila (vintovka) ba tir harakati charkhzananda doda, onro dur. parvoz va nishonras mogardonad. Bo ikhtiroi olati zarbai (boyok), pis­ton, patroni metalli va tashkili usuli tirjoykuni surati tirandozii Miltiq khele baland shud va to nimai asri 19 aksari armiyaho bo Miltiqi rakhpech­mila musallah gardidand. Namunai Miltiqe, ki aslihasozi rus S. I. Mosin soli 1891 sokht, dar janghoi yakumi jahoni va grajdani vase istifoda shudaast. In M. soli 1930 takmil doda shud va Miltiqi 7,66 mmai namunai solhoi 1891—1930 nom girift. Miltiqi mazkur chunin sifatho dorad: zudii tirparroni daqiqae 10—12 marotiba; durii nishongiri va parvozi tir 2000 m; nishonrasii bekhato 400 m; vaznash 4 kg (bo nayazash 4,5 kg). Agar ba in guna Miltiq nishongiraki optiki guzoshta shalad, on goh du­rii nishonrasii bekhato to 800 m merasad.

To asri 17 Miltiqhoi shikori va Miltiqhoi jangi az ham farqe nadoshtand. Ba sokhtani Miltiqhoi makhsusi yakmila az dumilai nisbatan sabuki shikori az asri 17 shuru namudand. Miltiqhoi shikorii hozira se navand: suftamila, rakhpechmila va tiryayu sochmagi. Gayr az in, Miltiqho az rui tainotashon ba Miltiqhoi shikori, sporti, shikori kasbi va tirparroni taqsim meshavand. Dar Ittifoqi Soveti namudhoi gunoguni Miltiqhoro asosan zavodi Tula istehsol mekunad.