MIKROFON

MIKROFON (ae mikro… va yun. phone — sado), asbobi elektroakustikiest, ki lappishhoi sadoiro ba lappishhoi elektri tabdil medihad. Dar telefoniya, radioshunavoni, televizion, taqviyati sado va sabti ovoz istifoda meshavad. Az rui prinsipi kor Mikrofonho angishti, elek­trodinamiki, kondensatori, elektreti, pezoelektri, elektromagniti meshavand. Mas., dar Mikrofoni angish­ti membranai angishti bo tasiri mavjhoi sado lappida, zichi (va az in ru muqovimati elektri)-i khokai angishtro tagyir medihad, ki dar kapsyula joygir buda, ba membrana jafs ast. Dar natijai in quvvai jarayoni az Mikrofon guzaranda niz tagyir meyobad va jarayoni pulsasiyakunanda ba vujud meoyad, ki on bo sim ba telefon rasida, membranai onro mu­vofiqan bo lappishi membranai Mikrofon melalponad (rasmi 1). Dar Mikrofoni elektrodina (Mikii galtak dor diafragmae istifoda meshavad, ki az navori tunuki polistiroli yo folgai alyuminiy sokhta shuda, bo galtaki az simi borik pechonidashudae nojunbon payvast meboshad. On dar rogai mudavvari sitemai magniti joygir ast. Hangomi bo tasiri mavjhoi sado lappidani diafragma pechahoi galtak khathoi quvvagii magnitiro meburad va dar galtak KEH-e angekhta meshavad, ki dar navbati khud dar fishorakhoi on shiddati tagyryobandaero ba vujud meorad.

Dar Mikrofoni kondensatori mavjhoi sadoi ba membranai metallnii tunuk tasir karda, masofai bayni membrana va korpusi metallii nojunbon (va az in ru, gunjoishi bayni onho)-ro, ki chun plastinai kondensatori elektri khizmat meku­nad, tagyir medihad (rasmi 2). Hangomi ba plastinaho nazdik ovardani shiddati doimi tagyiri gunjoish boisi az kondensator guzashtani jarayon megardad, ki quvvai on payvasta ba digargunshavii mavjhoi sado tagyir meyobad.

Mikrofoni elektreti az rui prinsipi kor va konstruksiya ba Mikrofoni kondensatori monand ast, ammo dar on vazifai plastinkai nojunboni kondensator va manbai shiddati doimiro plastinkai az elektret sokhtashuda ijro mekunad.