METAMORFOZ

METAMORFOZ (az yun. metamorphosis — digargunshavi, tabdilyobi), 1. digargunshavii shakl va sokhti organizmi hayvonot dar davrai inkishofi badijanini. Metamorfoz dar prosessi inkishofi individualii organizm — ontogenez odatan hangomi sakht tagyir yoftani sharoit va tarzi zindagi (mas., dar vaqti az ob ba khushki baromadan va yo az hayoti mustaqilona ba parazitizm guzashtan va g.) ba vujud meoyad. Hangomi Metamorfozi avvali nasle, ki bo rohi jinsi tavalludu tavosul mekunad, ba vasle, ki bo rohi gayrijinsi afzoish mekunad, ivaz meshavad (mas., dar isfanjho rudakovokho va g.). Metamorfozi soni be ivazshavii nasl ruy medihad (mas., dar kirmho, bugumpoyho, narmbadanho, obkhokiho). Sokht va shakli kirminai hayvonhoe, ki bo Metamorfoz inkishof meyoband, az hayvoni bolig farq mekunand. Hasharot (shapalak, pashsha, zanbur va g.) davrahoi kirmiia, zocha va hayvoni bolig (imago)-ro pai ham az cap meguzaronand, ki in davraho az hamdigar farq dorand. Kirminai hasharothoe, ki Metamorfozi purra dorand (shapalak, gambusk va g.), duru daroz zindagi mekunad, gizoi bisyor khurda kalon meshavad, nishoni bolig boshad, nisbatan kam umr mebinad va kalon nameshavad. Davrai imago tanosulu taqsiri namudho va hifzu evolyusiyai onhoro tamin menamoyad. Hangomi Metamorfozi nopurra bazan davraho (mas., davrai zochagi) az bayn meravand. Mas., kaflesaki az tukhmi qurboqqa baromada ba monicha monand buda, baroi dar ob zindagi kardan mutobiq shudaast. Dar rafti Metamorfoz uzvhoi kirminagii on nest shuda poy, shush, sistemai gardishi khun na g. inkishof meyoband.

Metamorfoz: 1. Inkishofi shapalaki karam: a—kirmiia, b— zocha, v — shapalak (imago); 2. Inkishofi qurboqqa: a — kaflesak, b — qurboqqai bolig.

2. Shakldigarkunii uzvhoi asosii rastani dar natijai tagyiryobii funksiyai onho. Mas., tabdil yoftani navdahoi zernzamini ba bekhmeva (kartoshka), piyozak (piyoz, sirpiyoz) va yo tabdil yoftani barghoi lavnashakl ba navdai serkhor (kaktus), resha va bekhmeva (sabzi, shalgam) va g.