MELODRAMA

MELODRAMA (az yun. melos — surud, tarona va drama), 1) janri dramaturgiya; pesae, ki ba konflikti tezutund, ehsosi muboliganok, ohangi pandomez va ba ham muqobilguzorii nerui nekiyu badi asos yoftaast. Paydoishi Melodrama ba dramaturgiyai demokratii okhiri asri 18 Fransiya, ki dar on ohanghoi etirozi ziddi nobarobarihoi ijtimoi va hurofot beshtar his meshud, qashshoqivu bohuquqii khalq, vozeh tasvir meyoft, vobasta act.

Shakli ibtidoii Melodramaro J. J. Russo (sihiahoi lirikii «Pigmalion», 1702) ofarida bud (hamchunin asarhoi J. Mon vol, E. Suvestr, F. Pia).

U maqsad dosht, deklamasiya, panto­mima va musiqiro ba ham payvasta, baroi boz ham tasirnok baromadani dramai psikhologi muvaffaq shavad. J. J. Russo musiqiro az shartiyathoyu mahdudiyathoi operavi ozod gardonda, onro ba har yak hissiyoti botinii personajho muvofiqan tahiya mekard. S-hoi 30—40 a. 19 davrai nashunamoi in janr ba hisob meravad. Dar Rossiya solhoi 20 asri 19 (pesahoi N. V. Kukolnik, N .A. Polevoy va dig.) paydo shudaast. Melodrama tadrijan mohiyati gumanistiashro az dast doda, ba on unsurhoi sentimen­talizm va syujethoi sathiyu sokhtakorona roh meyobad. V. G. Belinskiy va N. V. Gogol baze asarhoi in janrro asri toziyonai sakhti tashkil girifta budand, chunki on asarho az haqiqati voqei, az masalahoi mu­himu avvalindarajai jamiyati rus dur buda, kharakterhoyu hodisot ham ba tavri sokhta manidod meshudand. Melodrama ba teatr va dramaturgiyai soveti az solhoi avvali Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr roh yoft. M. Gorkiy va A. V. Lunacharskiy ba on hamchun ba dra­mai ijtimoii doroi ruhiyai roman­tiki baho doda, ba himoyai Melodrama baromad kardand. Melodrama tadrijan ahamiyati khudro gum kard, vale prinsiphoi on ba spektaklhoi dramavi roh yof­ta («Maifred»-i R. Shuman, «Per- Gyunt»-i E. Grig, «Shon Lir»-i M. Ba­lakirev), to imruz chande lahzahoi namoishro oro medihad. Melodrama dar ejodiyoti baze dramaturgoni muosir (A. N. Arbuzov, N. D. Salinskiy va dig.) ba nazar merasad. Nishonahoi Melodrama dar dramaturgiyai sovetii tojik dar solhoi tavlidu tashakkuli on (1929—41) va minbad mushohida me­shavad (pesahoi «Sanavbar»-i Ra­him Jalil. «Dukhtari nokom»-v J. Ikromi, «Modar nigaron bud»-i F. Ansori va gayra). 2) Asari musiqii dramavi, ki ba monologu dialoghoyash musiqi (yakjoya bo matn yo bo navbat) jur meshavad. «Orfey»-i bastakoroni rus E. I. Fomin va Ya. B. Knyaj­nin (1792) az behtarin namunahoi chunin Melodrama ba shumor meravad. Melodramahoi bastakori chekhi. Benda (az jumla, «Ariadna dar Naksos», 1774 va «Me­leya», 1775) va bastakori nemis K. G. Nefe («Sofonisba», 1782) mashhurand.

P. Nurjonov.