MEHNAT

MEHNAT, faoliyati maqsadnoki odam, ki dar jarayoni on u ba vositai oloti mehnat ba tabiat tasir rasonda, onro tagyir medihad va baroi qone gardonidani talaboti khud muvofiq megardonad. Az in nuqtai nazar Mehnat ba guftai K. Marks sharoiti abadiyu tabiii hayoti inson ast, binobar in vay ba yagon shakli hayot vobasta nabuda, baraks baroi hamai shaklhoi jamiyatii on umumi ast.

Mehnat baroi mavjudiyat va tashakkuli inson, baroi taraqqiyoti shuur va faoliyati on, baroi baland bardoshtani qobiliyat va darajai saviyai on, ki asosi takomuli munosibathoi istehsoli meboshad, roli halkunanda mebozad. Mehnat hamchun faoliyati ba maqsad muvofiqi inson az tayyor kardani oloti mehnat cap shuda, to raft murakkabtar, mukammaltar megardad va shaklhoi gunogunro ba khud megirad. Az in ru, nishonai oddi va hatmii Mehnat oloti Mehnat, vositai Mehnat va khudi Mehnat ast.

Dar prosessi istehsoli nemathoi moddi odamon bayni khud aloqa va munosibathoi muayyane paydo mekunand, ki on munosibathoi istehsoliro tashkil medihad. Dar har yak marhalai tarikhii inkishofi jamiyat Mehnat shakli ba khud khos doshta, on az aloqai quvvahoi istehsolkunanda va munosibathoi istehsoli vobasta ast. Dar jamiyati ibtidoi asosi munosibathoi istehsoliro molikiyati qabila ba vositahoi istehsolot tashkil medod. Dar on vaqt hanuz istismori odam az tarafi odam vujud nadosht. Dar zamoni feodalizm zamin va qisman dehqoni krepostnoi molikiyati feodal ba shumor meraft. Dar jamiyati kapitalisti boshad, molikiyati khususi ba vositahoi istehsolot asosi munosabathoi istehsoliro tashkil medihad. Korgaroni istehsolot dar in jamiyat huquqan barobar va ozod donista shavand ham, dar asl onho az vositahoi istehsolot mahrumand va az gurusnagi majburand ba kapitalist quvvai korii khudro furushand. Shakli iqtisodii majbur kardan ba

Mehnat ba kapitaliston armiyai kaloni quvvai koriro ba vujud meovarad, ki on ba mol tabdil meyobad.

Dar sharoiti istehsoloti moli Mehnat kharakteri dukhura dorad. Az yak taraf, Mehnat Mehnati konkretist, ki arzishi istemolii molro tashkil medihad va az tarafi digar, mehnati abstraktii dar mol tajassumyofta arzishi molro ba vujud meovarad. Chunin khususiyati dukhuragii Mehnat ziddiyati bayni Mehnati shakhsi va jamiyatiro ifoda mekunad. Dar sharoiti kapitalizm Mehnat chun Mehnati shakhsi ba zuhur omada, khususiyati jamiyatii on faqat dar bozor ravshan megardad, ki yake az ziddiyathoi antagonistii kapitalistiro nishon medihad. Barobari taraqqiyoti kapitalizm istismori Mehnati kiroya purzur shuda, muzdi haqiqii Mehnati korgaron past meshavad qashshoqshavii nisbi va mutlaqi proletariat purzur megardad, bekori meafzoyad va muborizai sinfi bayni Mehnati kiroya va kapital tezu tund meshavad.

Kharakteri Mehnat dar zamoni sosializm va kommunizm ba kulli tagyir meyobad. Asosi munosibathoi istehsoliro jamiyati budani vositahoi istehsolot tashkil mekunad.

Munosibathoi sosialistii istehsolot ba paydoishi qonunhoi navi iqtisodi — qonuni asosii iqtisodii sosializm, qonuni taraqqiyoti muntazam va mutanosibi khojagii khalq, qonuni taqsimot muvofiqi mehnat va gayra, ki kharakter, tabiat va tashkili Mehnatro muayyan mesozad, musoidat mekunand. Tabdili Mehnati asoratovar ba Mehnati ozod, hamohangi va mutobiqati Mehnati shakhsi va Mehnati jamiyati, munosibati navi ejodi ba Mehnat, kooperasiyai sosialistii Mehnat khususiyathoi asosii davrai sosializm meboshand. Ba jamiyati sosialisti huquq ba Mehnat va umumiyati on, muvofiqati havasmandkunii moddiyu manavii Mehnat, dar asosi inkishofi doimi va bosurati hosilnokii Mehnat baland bardoshtani darajai ziyodatii mehnatkashon va tamomi khalq, tadrijan barham dodani ziddiyati gayriantagonistii ijtimoi va ziddiyati Mehnati jamiyati khos ast. Kooperasiyai sosialistii Mehnat hamohangi va mutobiqati manfiathoi shakhsi va jamiyati, paydoish va inkishofi munosibathoi navi boshuuronaro nisbat ba Mehnat tamin mekunad.

Tashkili jamiyatii Mehnat va inkishofi bomuvaffaqiyati on dar sharoiti iqtisodiyoti sosialisti tanho dar surati muvofiqati oqilonai mutamarkazoni bo inkishofi demokratiya, shaklhoi demokrati va usulhoi rohbari ba Mehnati jamiyati imkovpazir ast. Baroi purra istifoda burdani qobiliyat, istedod va tashabbusi ishtirokchiyoni istehsoloti jamiyati, huquqi kollektivhoi korkhonayu tashkilotho, muvofiqati manfiathoi shakhsi, kollektiviyu jamiyatii korkunon vase meshavad. Dar zamoni sosializm hosilnokii Mehnat dar asosi takmil va ba istehsolot jory namudani navigarihoi tekhnika, istifoda burdani tekhnologiyai navtarin, behtar tashkil namudani Mehnat va g. meafzoyad va dar hamin zamina sathi zindagii mehnatkashon baland bardoshta shuda, nekuahvolii onho behtar megardad.

Dar sharoiti sosializmi mutaraqqi tafovuti ijtimoiyu iqtisodii Mehnati jamiyati ba misli farqiyati bayni Mehnati fikri va jismoni, Mehnati shahru qishloq va g., ki dar zinai yakumi jamiyati kommunisti vujud dorand, tajribai kamshuda, bartaraf meshavand.

Ba Mehnati kommunisti tabdil yoftani Mehnati sosialisti va sokhtmoni bazai moddi-tekhnikii kommunizm chunin darajai balandi taraqqiyoti quvvahoi istehsolkunandaro talab mekunad, ki on afzoishi balandi hosilnokii Mehnat, barham dodani tafovuti ijtimoi-iqtasodii on, jamiyati gardonidani Mehnat va ba talaboti avvalini hayotii har yak odam tabdil yoftani Mehnat, inkishofi prinsipii «az har kas muvofiqi qobiliyatash» ba prinsipi kommunistii taqsimot «ba har kas muvofiqi talabotash»-ro tamin namoyad.

Ad.: Mario K., Napital, t. 1, Marko K. i Engels F, Soch., t. 10; Mario K., Engels F.. As. mun., D-2, D., 1005; Lenin V. I., Davlat va revolyusiya. As., j- 25; Podmarkov V. G., Sosialnie problemi organizasii truda. M., 1900; Jangali I. I., Trud, D., 1079.

N. Jamoliddinov.