MEHNATI ZANON

MEHNATI ZANON, ishtiroki zanon dar istehsoloti jamiyati, ki khususiyati onro sokhti ijtimoiyu iqtisodii jamiyat muayyan menamoyad. Mehnati zanon zarurati tarikhi buda, az davrahoi qadim idoma dorad. Istifodai vasei Mehnati zanon bo inkishofi tarzi istehsoloti kapitalisti, makhsusan badi ikhtiroi moshin afzud. Dar davrai kapitalizm zan ba istehsoloti jamiyati faolona dokhil shud va mehnati vay ahamiyati kaloni ijtimoi paydo kard. Mehnati zanon ba kapitalist hamchun manbai foidai ilovagi zaruru sudmand ast, zero nisbatan arzon buda, ba tufayli on muzdi mehnati mardon niz kam meshavad. Dar bisyor mamlakathoi burjuazi, qati nazar az mehnati barobari mardu zan, muzdi mehnati zanon ba 40—70% muzdi mehnati mardon barobar ast. Istifodai Mehnati zanon makhsusan dar asri 20 avj girift. Darajai istifodai Mehnati zanon dar mamlakathoi mukhtalif gunogun ast. Dar yak qator mamlakathoi kapitalisti rev. ilmiyu tekhniki ba kamshavii Mehnati zanon sabab shud. Vale zimni baland shudani surati inkishofi sanoat istifodai Mehnati zanon rivoj yoft. Dar mamlakathoi kapitalisti makhsusan vaziyati zanoni kudakdor khele vaznin ast. Mas., dar ShMA qonuni oid ba dodani yordampuli dar davrai homila tanho dar 4 shtat (az 50) mavjud ast. Dar baze mamlakathoi kapitalisti umuman qonuni muhofizati Mehnati zanon vujud nadorad.

Dar SSSR masalai zanho, az jumla masalai Mehnati zanon dar istehsoloti jamiyati qatiyan hal shudaast. Qoidai barobarhuquqii zanon va mardon qonunan dar Konstitusiyai SSSR sabt gardidaast (mod. 35). Mehnati zanon dar Mamlakati Sovetho qismi tarkibii tashkili sosialistii mehnat va tanzimi huquqi zanon meboshad.

Tanosubi shakhsoni sohibmalumot dar bayoni zanon va mardon qarib yak khel ast. Zanho dar SSSR sohibi imtiyozhoi ziyodand. Az jumla, onho huquq dorand dar 55-solagi bo staji 20 solai kori (mardon dar 60-solagi bo staji 25 solai kori) ba nafaqai pironsoli baroyand. Baroi zanhoe, ki dar baze sohahoi sanoat kor mekunand va baroi modaroni serfarzand imtiyozhoi ilovagi muqarrar shudaast. Davlati Soveti muttasil oid ba behtar namudani sharoiti mehnat va hayoti maishii

zanon gamkhori menamoyad. Programmai KPSS baroi zanho ba vujud ovardani sharoithoi musoidtari mehnat va istirohatro peshbini mekunad. Dar SSSR istifodai Mehnati zanon dar korhoi vaznin va zararnok, inchunin dar korhoi zerizamini (ba juz korhoi gayrijismoni  korhoi khizmatrasonii sanitari va maishi) man ast. Shumorai ziyodi muassisahoi kudakona (yasli, bogchahoi bachagona, guruhkhoi maktabii mashguliyatashon davomnok) va g. garantiyai iqtisodii huquqi zanho ba mehnat ast. Nig. niz Modaroni serfarzand.

Baroi ishtiroki vasei zanho dar istehsolot masalai ba sohai kaloni mkhanikonidashudai khojagii khalq tabdil dodani khizmati maishi hal shuda istodaast. Holo az nisf ziyodi quvvai qobili mehnati khojagii khalqi mamlakatro zanon tashkil medihand. Korgaroni sanoati mahalli va sanoati sabuk asosan az zanon iboratand. Dar tamomi sohahoi khojagii khalqi mamlakatamon 51 mln. 297 haz. zanon (1975) kor mekunand, ki 51,4% quvvai qobili mehnat ba hisob meravad. Dar respublika ziyoda az 2500 nafar korkunoni ilmi zanonand, ki az bayni onho 17 nafar doktor va ziyoda az 400 nafarashon nomzadhoi ilm meboshand. Beshtar az 16 hazor nafar zanon ba farzandoni mehnatkashon talimu tarbiya doda, qarib 4 haz. nafarashon shabu ruz dar posbonii salomatii odamonand. Ziyoda az 80 nafar zanoni tojik sazovori mukofoti olii Vatan — Qahramoni Mekhnati Sosialisti gardidaand. Dahho hazor naf. zanon bo ordenu medalhoi SSSR mukofotonida shudaand.