MEKhANISIZM

MEKhANISIZM, metodi yaktarafai marifati olam, ki tamomi hodisahoi tabiiyu jamiyatiro az harakati mekhaniki manidod kardani meshavad. Imtidodi mantiqii in aqida mohiyatan ba inkori gunogunshaklii hodisoti tabiat va jamiyat ovarda merasonad.

Mekhanisizm asrhoi 17—18, vaqte ki mekhanika yagona ilmi mutaraqqi bud, dar afkori ilmiyu materialisti maqomu nufuzi kalon paydo kard. Namoyandagoni klassikii M. dar tabiatshinosi G. Galiley, I. Nyuton, P. S. Laplas va dar falsafa T. Gobbs, J. Lametri, P. Golbakh etirof shudaand. Namoyandagoni nomii Mekhanisizm dar asri 19 L. Byukhner, K. Fokht, Ya. Moleshott, E. Dyuring budand. Tadqiqi yaktarafayu mekhanistii hodisahoi tabiatu jamiyatro B. Spinoza, G. V. Leybnis, qisman D. Didro tanqid kardaand. G. Gegel (istilohi «Mekhanisizm» niz ba qalami u mansub ast) zimni tabiri dialektikonai vazifa va tabiati tafakkur Mekhanisizmro hamchun yak metodi aslan yaktarafa, vale tarikhan asosnoki tafakkur bartaraf («soqit») kard. Gegel «Mekhanisizm»-ro tanqid karda norasogihoi onro umuman ba materializm niz nisbat medod. Gegel «… mekhost bo sifati «mekhaniki» materializmro past zanad. Ammo gap dar sari on ast, ki materializmi az tarafi Gegel tanqidivu. da — materializmi fransavii asri 18 —dar haqiqat ham sirf mekhaniki bud. (Engels F., nig. Marks K. i Engels F., Soch., 2 izd., t. 20 s 568-09).

M. zinai guzashtai tarikhi falsafai materialisti buda, hamaguna kushishi az sari nav inkishof dodani on dar zamoni hozira az nazari ilmi qadame ba aqib ast. Beasosii M. khususan dar masalahoi tafakkur, shuur va hasti zohir meshavad. Dar tabiri masalai mazkur Mekhanisizm zaminai vitalizm, teleologiya va idealizm megardad.

Mekhanisizm hamchun mavqei falsafi zuhuri metodi metafizikii tafakkur ast, ki az uhdai bartaraf kardani ziddiyat baromada nametavonad. Hangomi bo jihathoi mukhtalifi ashyo saru kor doshtan Mekhanisizm hamesha yake az onhoro yo ikhtisor mekunad (mas., sifatro ba ivazi miqdor) va yo az jihati digar barteru barhaq medonad. Mekhanisizm harakatro na hamchun khudharakatii materiya, balki natijai tasiri quvvai beruna va az in ru materiyaro niz chun moddai murtu beharakat mefahmad.

Materializmi dialektiki dar zimni jambasti intiqodii malumothoi ilmi sobit namud, ki harakati mekhaniki faqat yak taraf, yak jihati harakati materiya buda, dar silsilai marotibi shaklhoi harakat joi muayyanro ishgol mekunad va az in ru onro yagona asosu vositai donishi tabiatu jamiyat donistan khatost.

Ad.: Evgels F , Anti-Dyuring, D., 1975; Gegel G. V. F. Nauka Logiki, t. 1—3, M., 1970—72: Vislobokov A. D., Marksistskaya dialektika i sovremenniy mekhanisizm, M., 1962.